Zinner Dietmar, Tesfaye Dereje, Stenseth Nils C, Bekele Afework, Mekonnen Aemro, Doeschner Steve, Atickem Anagaw, Roos Christian
Cognitive Ethology Laboratory, German Primate Center (DPZ), Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Kellnerweg 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany.
Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1066 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway.
Primate Biol. 2019 Apr 18;6(1):7-16. doi: 10.5194/pb-6-7-2019. eCollection 2019.
Black-and-white colobus ( Rüppell, 1835) are arboreal Old World monkeys inhabiting large parts of the deciduous and evergreen forests of sub-Saharan Africa. Two of the eight subspecies of are endemic to Ethiopia: and . However, the validity of the Ethiopian taxa is debated and observed morphological differences were attributed to clinal variation within . To date, no molecular phylogeny of the Ethiopian guerezas is available to facilitate their taxonomic classification. We used mitochondrial DNA markers from 94 samples collected across Ethiopia to reconstruct a phylogeny of respective mitochondrial lineages. In our phylogenetic reconstruction, augmented by orthologous sequence information of non-Ethiopian black-and-white colobus from GenBank, we found two major Ethiopian mitochondrial clades, with one being largely congruent with the distribution of . The second clade was found only at two locations in the eastern part of the putative range of . This second lineage clustered with the lowland form, , from central Africa, whereas the lineages clustered with and from Kenya and northern Tanzania. These two guereza lineages diverged around 0.7 million years ago. In addition, mitochondrial sequence information does not support unequivocally a distinction of and . Our findings indicate a previous biogeographic connection between the ranges of and and a possible secondary invasion of Ethiopia by members of the -- clade. Given these phylogenetic relationships, our study supports the two-taxa hypothesis, making an Ethiopian endemic, and, in combination with the taxon's very restricted range, makes it one of the most endangered subspecies of black-and-white colobus.
黑白疣猴（鲁佩尔，1835年）是栖息于东半球的树栖猴类，分布于撒哈拉以南非洲的大部分落叶林和常绿林中。八个亚种中有两个是埃塞俄比亚特有的： 和 。然而，埃塞俄比亚分类单元的有效性存在争议，观察到的形态差异被归因于 内的渐变。迄今为止，尚无埃塞俄比亚黑白疣猴的分子系统发育研究来促进其分类。我们使用从埃塞俄比亚各地收集的94个样本中的线粒体DNA标记，重建了各个线粒体谱系的系统发育。在我们的系统发育重建中，通过来自GenBank的非埃塞俄比亚黑白疣猴的直系同源序列信息进行补充，我们发现了两个主要的埃塞俄比亚线粒体分支，其中一个在很大程度上与 的分布一致。第二个分支仅在 的假定分布范围东部的两个地点被发现。这个第二谱系与来自中非的低地形态 聚类，而 谱系与来自肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚北部的 和 聚类。这两个黑白疣猴谱系在大约70万年前分化。此外，线粒体序列信息并不能明确支持区分 和 。我们的研究结果表明， 和 的分布范围之间以前存在生物地理联系，并且 分支的成员可能对埃塞俄比亚进行了二次入侵。鉴于这些系统发育关系，我们的研究支持双分类单元假说，使 成为埃塞俄比亚特有种，并且，结合该分类单元非常有限的分布范围，使其成为黑白疣猴最濒危的亚种之一。
