Graduate School of Culture Technology, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Feb 26;17(5):1502. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051502.
Although Korea has achieved successful economic, social, cultural, and technological development over the past decades, Korean people do not seem to be particularly happy. To enhance an individual's happiness, we need to be aware of what situations and environmental conditions are conducive for happiness and explore the values of happiness we pursue. This study investigated the types of happiness expressed by Korean people using a mixed-method approach. Personal in-depth ( = 15) and focus group ( = 16) interviews were conducted with people who reported feeling a high level of happiness. Happiness categorization was conducted using Q methodology ( = 63). Subsequently, we surveyed 999 nationally representative samples of Korean adults to generalize the results of the Q analysis. The findings revealed seven types of adult happiness in Korea: (1) Self-actualization, (2) Belongingness, (3) Mission, (4) Social recognition, (5) Enjoyment, (6) Material success, and (7) Parenting. The combined results of the qualitative and quantitative analyses showed that in Korea, people pursuing money or social success feel the unhappiest, whereas people pursuing a mission or sense of belonging feel the happiest. In conclusion, we discussed the need for happiness literacy education, to provide each adult an opportunity to understand the type of happiness they pursue.
尽管韩国在过去几十年中实现了经济、社会、文化和技术的成功发展，但韩国人似乎并不特别幸福。为了提高个人的幸福感，我们需要了解哪些情况和环境条件有利于幸福，并探索我们所追求的幸福价值观。本研究采用混合方法调查了韩国人表达的幸福感类型。对报告幸福感水平较高的人进行了个人深入访谈（n=15）和焦点小组访谈（n=16）。使用 Q 方法（n=63）对幸福感进行分类。随后，我们对 999 名具有全国代表性的韩国成年人样本进行了调查，以推广 Q 分析的结果。研究结果揭示了韩国成年人的七种幸福感类型：（1）自我实现，（2）归属感，（3）使命感，（4）社会认可，（5）享受，（6）物质成功，以及（7）为人父母。定性和定量分析的综合结果表明，在韩国，追求金钱或社会成功的人感觉最不幸福，而追求使命或归属感的人感觉最幸福。总之，我们讨论了幸福素养教育的必要性，为每个成年人提供一个了解自己所追求的幸福类型的机会。
