Department of Marine Science and Convergence Engineering, College of Science and Convergence Technology, Hanyang University, Ansan 15588, Republic of Korea.
Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 1;719:137386. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137386. Epub 2020 Feb 19.
Human exposure to flame retardants (FRs) in indoor environments is a growing concern. In this study, the concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and their alternatives, such as novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs), dechlorane plus (DP), and organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs), were measured in dust from indoor environments in Korea to investigate their occurrence, contamination profiles, and health risks. Legacy and emerging FRs were detected in dust samples, indicating widespread contamination of indoor environments. The concentrations of alternative FRs were higher in dust from offices compared with house dust, suggesting that office environments are major consumers of alternative FRs. Similar compositional profiles for indoor dust were found for PBDEs in different microenvironments and regions, while OPFR composition varied widely due to disparate applications. The estimated daily intakes of PBDEs, NBFRs, and OPFRs via dust ingestion were lower than the reference doses proposed by previous studies. A multiple-exposure assessment showed that dust ingestion was a major contributor to total PBDEs for toddlers and adults. However, major exposure pathways of BDEs 47 and 209 differed between toddlers and adults. Our study suggests that multiple exposure pathways should be considered in a comprehensive exposure assessment of PBDEs.
人类在室内环境中接触阻燃剂（FRs）的情况日益引起关注。本研究测量了韩国室内环境灰尘中多溴二苯醚（PBDEs）及其替代品（如新型溴化阻燃剂（NBFRs）、十溴二苯乙烷（DP）和有机磷阻燃剂（OPFRs））的浓度，以调查其存在情况、污染特征和健康风险。研究结果表明，室内环境中普遍存在传统和新兴 FRs 的污染。与家庭灰尘相比，办公场所灰尘中替代 FRs 的浓度更高，这表明办公环境是替代 FRs 的主要使用者。尽管在不同的微环境和地区发现 PBDEs 的室内灰尘具有相似的组成特征，但由于不同的应用，OPFR 的组成差异很大。通过灰尘摄入估算的 PBDEs、NBFRs 和 OPFRs 的日摄入量低于先前研究提出的参考剂量。多暴露评估表明，灰尘摄入是幼儿和成年人总 PBDEs 的主要摄入途径。然而，BDEs 47 和 209 的主要暴露途径在幼儿和成年人之间存在差异。我们的研究表明，在全面的 PBDEs 暴露评估中应考虑多种暴露途径。
