医护人员和学生中肝炎病毒、麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹和水痘的血清流行病学：接种疫苗前是否应该筛查？

Seroepidemiology of hepatitis viruses, measles, mumps, rubella and varicella among healthcare workers and students: Should we screen before vaccination?

机构信息

Maltepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.

Maltepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Istanbul, Turkey.

出版信息

J Infect Public Health. 2020 Apr;13(4):480-484. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.309. Epub 2020 Feb 26.

DOI:10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.309

PMID:32113699

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Health care workers (HCWs) and students are at increased risk for blood borne infections and vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs). The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against measles, rubella, mumps, varicella zoster virus (VZV), hepatitis A and B viruses among HCWs and students and to determine whether there are differences according to gender and age group.

METHODS

Information about characteristics of the 1053 participants, history of disease and vaccination status were collected using a structured questionnaire. Serum samples were tested for antibodies by commercial immunoenzymatic assays.

RESULTS

Seropositivity rates were 57.1% for measles, 74% for mumps, 96.3% for rubella, 93.7% for VZV, 33.9% for hepatitis A virus and 92.2% for hepatitis B virus. Susceptibility rates among participants 18-26, 27-38 and >38 years of age were statistically significant for measles (46%, 18.6% and 0%; p < 0.001) and mumps (27.1%, 12.9% and 21.4%; p < 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSION

Low seropositivity rates for measles, mumps and HAV are important findings. For other diseases other than VZV, it is thought that vaccination without pre-screening is more appropriate. Healthcare institutions should have policies for screening and vaccination of their staff and students.

摘要

背景

医护人员（HCWs）和学生感染血源性病原体和疫苗可预防疾病（VPDs）的风险增加。本研究旨在确定医护人员和学生中针对麻疹、风疹、腮腺炎、水痘带状疱疹病毒（VZV）、甲型和乙型肝炎病毒的抗体血清阳性率，并确定是否存在性别和年龄组差异。

方法

使用结构化问卷收集了 1053 名参与者的特征、疾病史和疫苗接种情况信息。使用商业酶联免疫吸附测定法检测血清样本中的抗体。

结果

麻疹、腮腺炎、风疹、VZV、甲型肝炎病毒和乙型肝炎病毒的血清阳性率分别为 57.1%、74%、96.3%、93.7%、33.9%和 92.2%。18-26 岁、27-38 岁和>38 岁的参与者中，麻疹（46%、18.6%和 0%；p<0.001）和腮腺炎（27.1%、12.9%和 21.4%；p<0.05）的易感性率存在统计学差异。