Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Ciudad de México, México.
Department of Pharmacology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seúl, Corea del Sur, México.
Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex. 2020;77(1):3-14. doi: 10.24875/BMHIM.19000115.
Obesity prevalence has increased in the last decades worldwide leading to metabolic complications, such as type 2 diabetes, steatosis, cardiovascular disease, among others; its development is influenced by genetic factors and environmental factors, such as intestinal microbiome. In Mexico, 33.3% of the adults present this disease. Obesity is defined as an excessive adipose tissue accumulation, provoking its dysfunction. Adipose tissue remodeling, which involves angiogenesis, hypoxia and inflammation, is implicated in the developing of obesity and metabolic modifications. Bariatric surgery is the most used and successful intervention to control morbid obesity, leading a maintained loss of weight and remission of some of its comorbidities as type 2 diabetes. Here, we review some of the molecular aspects of the metabolic changes provoked by bariatric surgery and its impact in weight loss and comorbidities remission. In summary, this article reviews the genetic aspects, microbiome and molecular facts (adipose tissue remodeling) that are involved in obesity development. In addition, some of the molecular aspects about bariatric surgery are described and the mechanisms that are regulated to control obesity and its comorbidities.
在过去几十年中，肥胖症的患病率在全球范围内有所增加，导致代谢并发症，如 2 型糖尿病、脂肪变性、心血管疾病等；其发展受遗传因素和环境因素的影响，如肠道微生物组。在墨西哥，33.3%的成年人患有这种疾病。肥胖症被定义为脂肪组织过度积累，导致其功能障碍。涉及血管生成、缺氧和炎症的脂肪组织重塑与肥胖症和代谢改变的发展有关。减重手术是控制病态肥胖最常用和最成功的干预措施，可维持体重减轻，并缓解 2 型糖尿病等一些合并症。在这里，我们回顾了减重手术引起的代谢变化的一些分子方面及其对体重减轻和合并症缓解的影响。总之，本文综述了与肥胖症发展相关的遗传、微生物组和分子方面（脂肪组织重塑）。此外，还描述了减重手术的一些分子方面，以及用于控制肥胖症及其合并症的调节机制。
