Molecular Medicine and Mechanisms of Disease (M3D) PhD Program, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States.
Front Immunol. 2020 Feb 11;11:170. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00170. eCollection 2020.
Diseases due to mycobacteria, including tuberculosis, leprosy, and Buruli ulcer, rank among the top causes of death and disability worldwide. Animal studies have revealed the importance of T cells in controlling these infections. However, the specific antigens recognized by T cells that confer protective immunity and their associated functions remain to be definitively established. T cells that respond to mycobacterial peptide antigens exhibit classical features of adaptive immunity and have been well-studied in humans and animal models. Recently, innate-like T cells that recognize lipid and metabolite antigens have also been implicated. Specifically, T cells that recognize mycobacterial glycolipid antigens (mycolipids) have been shown to confer protection to tuberculosis in animal models and share some biological characteristics with adaptive and innate-like T cells. Here, we review the existing data suggesting that mycolipid-specific T cells exist on a spectrum of "innateness," which will influence how they can be leveraged to develop new diagnostics and vaccines for mycobacterial diseases.
由于分枝杆菌引起的疾病，包括结核病、麻风病和布鲁里溃疡，是全球导致死亡和残疾的主要原因之一。动物研究表明 T 细胞在控制这些感染方面的重要性。然而，赋予保护性免疫的 T 细胞识别的特定抗原及其相关功能仍有待明确确定。对分枝杆菌肽抗原产生反应的 T 细胞表现出适应性免疫的典型特征，并且在人类和动物模型中得到了很好的研究。最近，也发现了识别脂质和代谢物抗原的先天样 T 细胞。具体而言，已证明识别分枝杆菌糖脂抗原（mycolipids）的 T 细胞可在动物模型中为结核病提供保护，并与适应性和先天样 T 细胞具有一些生物学特征。在这里，我们回顾了现有的数据，这些数据表明，存在于“先天状态”范围内的 mycolipid 特异性 T 细胞将影响如何利用它们来开发用于分枝杆菌病的新诊断和疫苗。
