Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA.
Department of Biotechnology, Central Research Facility, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
Microb Drug Resist. 2020 Aug;26(8):880-899. doi: 10.1089/mdr.2019.0291. Epub 2020 Mar 2.
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are produced by all forms of life, ranging from eukaryotes to prokaryotes, and they are a crucial component of innate immunity, involved in clearing infection by inhibiting pathogen colonization. In the recent past, AMPs received high attention due to the increase of extensive antibiotic resistance by these pathogens. AMPs exhibit a diverse spectrum of activity against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and various types of cancer. AMPs are active against various bacterial pathogens that cause disease in animals and plants. However, because of the coevolution of host and pathogen interaction, bacteria have developed the mechanisms to sense and exhibit an adaptive response against AMPs. These resistance mechanisms are playing an important role in bacterial virulence within the host. Here, we have discussed the different resistance mechanisms used by gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria to sense and combat AMP actions. Understanding the mechanism of AMP resistance may provide directions toward the development of novel therapeutic strategies to control multidrug-resistant pathogens.
抗菌肽（AMPs）存在于从真核生物到原核生物等所有生命形式中，是先天免疫的重要组成部分，可通过抑制病原体定植来清除感染。在最近，由于这些病原体广泛的抗生素耐药性增加，抗菌肽受到了高度关注。抗菌肽对细菌、真菌、寄生虫和各种类型的癌症具有广泛的活性。抗菌肽对引起动植物疾病的各种细菌病原体都有活性。然而，由于宿主和病原体相互作用的共同进化，细菌已经发展出了感知和对抗抗菌肽的适应性反应的机制。这些耐药机制在宿主内的细菌毒力中起着重要作用。在这里，我们讨论了革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌用来感知和对抗抗菌肽作用的不同耐药机制。了解抗菌肽耐药机制可能为开发控制多药耐药病原体的新型治疗策略提供方向。
