Tajbakhsh M, Karimi A, Fallah F, Akhavan M M
Pediatric Infections Research Center (PIRC), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Skin Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 2017 Oct 31;63(10):20-32. doi: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.10.4.
The increasing incidence of antimicrobial resistance bacterial infection and decreasing effectiveness of conventional antibiotics to treatment have caused serious problems worldwide. The demand for new generationantibiotics to combat microbial pathogens is imperative. Cationic antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) with different sources from prokaryotic to complex eukaryotic organisms, with variable length, amino acid composition and secondary structure, have been consideredduring the past decades. The advantages of large number of AMPs are related to broad spectrum and morphogenetic activities, low resistance rate among microorganismswithout side effect on human cells, rapid killing of bacteria via membrane damage and intracellular targets,and their critical roles in anti-inflammatory. Ribosomal synthesized peptides of Gram positive bacteria with various post translational modificationsrepresent extended types of antimicrobial peptide with different structural and functional diversity. These types of peptides have been considered as new therapeutic agents for pharmaceutical development .In addition, non- ribosomal synthesized peptides are a wide range of peptides , an extremely extensive range of biological activities and pharmacological properties that are not synthesized by ribosomes, show interesting biological properties ranging from antibiotic to bio surfactants. This review focused on genetics, mechanism of action and modifications, resistance mode of Gram positive bacteria to AMPs and the biotechnological application of ribosomally and non-ribosomally synthesized peptides derived from Gram positive bacteria.
抗菌耐药性细菌感染的发病率不断上升，传统抗生素治疗效果不断下降，已在全球范围内引发严重问题。对抗微生物病原体的新一代抗生素的需求迫在眉睫。在过去几十年中，人们一直在考虑从原核生物到复杂真核生物的不同来源、长度可变、氨基酸组成和二级结构各异的阳离子抗菌肽（AMPs）。大量抗菌肽的优点包括广谱和形态发生活性、微生物耐药率低、对人体细胞无副作用、通过膜损伤和细胞内靶点快速杀灭细菌以及它们在抗炎中的关键作用。革兰氏阳性菌核糖体合成的肽经过各种翻译后修饰，代表了具有不同结构和功能多样性的抗菌肽扩展类型。这些类型的肽已被视为药物开发的新型治疗剂。此外，非核糖体合成肽是一类广泛的肽，具有极其广泛的生物活性和药理特性，它们不是由核糖体合成的，显示出从抗生素到生物表面活性剂等有趣的生物学特性。本综述重点关注革兰氏阳性菌对抗菌肽的遗传学、作用机制和修饰、耐药模式以及核糖体和非核糖体合成的革兰氏阳性菌衍生肽的生物技术应用。
