Differential role of MAX2 and strigolactones in pathogen, ozone, and stomatal responses.

Strigolactones are a group of phytohormones that control developmental processes including shoot branching and various plant-environment interactions in plants. We previously showed that the strigolactone perception mutant has increased susceptibility to plant pathogenic bacteria. Here we show that both strigolactone biosynthesis ( and ) and perception mutants ( and ) are significantly more sensitive to DC3000. Moreover, in response to infection, high levels of SA accumulated in and this mutant was ozone sensitive. Further analysis of gene expression revealed no major role for strigolactone in regulation of defense gene expression. In contrast, guard cell function was clearly impaired in and depending on the assay used, also in , and mutants. We analyzed stomatal responses to stimuli that cause stomatal closure. While the response to abscisic acid (ABA) was not impaired in any of the mutants, the response to darkness and high CO was impaired in and mutants, and to CO also in strigolactone synthesis (, ) mutants. To position the role of MAX2 in the guard cell signaling network, was crossed with mutants defective in ABA biosynthesis or signaling. This revealed that MAX2 acts in a signaling pathway that functions in parallel to the guard cell ABA signaling pathway. We propose that the impaired defense responses of are related to higher stomatal conductance that allows increased entry of bacteria or air pollutants like ozone. Furthermore, as MAX2 appears to act in a specific branch of guard cell signaling (related to CO signaling), this protein could be one of the components that allow guard cells to distinguish between different environmental conditions.