Santos-Rosales Víctor, Iglesias-Mejuto Ana, García-González Carlos A
Department of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, I+D Farma group (GI-1645), Faculty of Pharmacy, Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Agrupación Estratégica de Materiales (AeMAT), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Polymers (Basel). 2020 Mar 2;12(3):533. doi: 10.3390/polym12030533.
The regenerative medicine field is seeking novel strategies for the production of synthetic scaffolds that are able to promote the in vivo regeneration of a fully functional tissue. The choices of the scaffold formulation and the manufacturing method are crucial to determine the rate of success of the graft for the intended tissue regeneration process. On one hand, the incorporation of bioactive compounds such as growth factors and drugs in the scaffolds can efficiently guide and promote the spreading, differentiation, growth, and proliferation of cells as well as alleviate post-surgical complications such as foreign body responses and infections. On the other hand, the manufacturing method will determine the feasible morphological properties of the scaffolds and, in certain cases, it can compromise their biocompatibility. In the case of medicated scaffolds, the manufacturing method has also a key effect in the incorporation yield and retained activity of the loaded bioactive agents. In this work, solvent-free methods for scaffolds production, i.e., technological approaches leading to the processing of the porous material with no use of solvents, are presented as advantageous solutions for the processing of medicated scaffolds in terms of efficiency and versatility. The principles of these solvent-free technologies (melt molding, 3D printing by fused deposition modeling, sintering of solid microspheres, gas foaming, and compressed CO and supercritical CO-assisted foaming), a critical discussion of advantages and limitations, as well as selected examples for regenerative medicine purposes are herein presented.
再生医学领域正在寻找生产合成支架的新策略，这些支架能够促进全功能组织的体内再生。支架配方和制造方法的选择对于确定移植在预期组织再生过程中的成功率至关重要。一方面，在支架中加入生物活性化合物，如生长因子和药物，可以有效地引导和促进细胞的扩散、分化、生长和增殖，以及减轻术后并发症，如异物反应和感染。另一方面，制造方法将决定支架可行的形态学特性，在某些情况下，它可能会损害支架的生物相容性。对于含药支架，制造方法对负载生物活性剂的掺入率和保留活性也有关键影响。在这项工作中，无溶剂支架生产方法，即无需使用溶剂就能加工多孔材料的技术方法，被认为是在效率和通用性方面加工含药支架的有利解决方案。本文介绍了这些无溶剂技术（熔融成型、熔融沉积建模3D打印、固体微球烧结、气体发泡以及压缩CO和超临界CO辅助发泡）的原理、对其优缺点的批判性讨论以及用于再生医学目的的选定示例。
