Department of Surgery, University Hospitals Research in Surgical Outcomes and Effectiveness Center (UH-RISES), University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, 11100 Euclid Avenue, LKS 5047, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Association of Women Surgeons, Chicago, IL, USA.
World J Surg. 2020 Jul;44(7):2144-2161. doi: 10.1007/s00268-020-05447-9.
The increase in female surgeons has resulted in scrutiny of widely variable parental leave policies. We hypothesized that academic and private practice surgeons have different experiences based on difference in workplace expectations.
A 25-question survey was disseminated via social media and through the Association of Women Surgeons social media platforms from June 1 to September 15, 2017. An analysis of attending surgeons working in the USA in an academic or private practice setting was performed.
Of 1115 total respondents, 477 were attending surgeons practicing in the USA. Practice distribution was 34% private and 47% academic. There was no difference in marital status, work status, or the number who report having been pregnant between the groups. Compared to academic surgeons, private practice surgeons were statistically less likely to have paid leave (p < 0.001) and were more likely to continue to pay benefits while on leave (p < 0.001). Private practitioners were more likely to return to work sooner than desired due to financial (p = 0.022) and supervisor (p = 0.004) pressures and were more likely to leave a job (p = 0.01). Academic surgeons were more likely to experience a delay in job advancement (p = 0.031). On multivariate analysis, more than two pregnancies were associated with an increased risk of perception of a bias and discrimination against pregnancy in the workplace.
Parental leave policies and attitudes vary between academic and private practice, creating unique challenges for female surgeons and different issues for family planning depending on employment model.
女性外科医生的增加导致对差异极大的产假政策进行了严格审查。我们假设学术和私人执业外科医生由于工作场所期望的不同，会有不同的经历。
2017 年 6 月 1 日至 9 月 15 日，通过社交媒体和妇女外科医生协会的社交媒体平台，发布了一份包含 25 个问题的调查问卷。对在美国从事学术或私人执业的主治外科医生进行了分析。
在 1115 名总受访者中，有 477 名是在美国执业的主治外科医生。实践分布为 34%的私人执业和 47%的学术。两组在婚姻状况、工作状态或报告怀孕的人数方面没有差异。与学术外科医生相比，私人执业外科医生请带薪假的可能性较小（p<0.001），而且在休假期间更有可能继续支付福利（p<0.001）。由于经济（p=0.022）和主管（p=0.004）压力，私人从业者更有可能提前返回工作岗位，而且更有可能离职（p=0.01）。学术外科医生更有可能在职业发展上出现延迟（p=0.031）。多变量分析显示，两次以上怀孕与对工作场所怀孕的偏见和歧视的感知增加相关。
学术和私人执业之间的产假政策和态度存在差异，这给女性外科医生带来了独特的挑战，并根据就业模式对计划生育产生了不同的影响。
