医生群体中的妊娠问题：范围综述。
Pregnancy in physicians: A scoping review.
机构信息
Department of Urology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
出版信息
Am J Surg. 2022 Jan;223(1):36-46. doi: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2021.07.011. Epub 2021 Jul 21.
BACKGROUND
The personal health and professional impact of physician pregnancy requires further study. We performed a comprehensive scoping review of physician pregnancy to synthesize and assess the evidence to aid decision-making for relevant stakeholders.
METHODS
A search of 7 databases resulted in 3733 citations. 407 manuscripts were included and scored for evidence level. Data were extracted into themes using template analysis.
RESULTS
Physician pregnancy impacted colleagues through perceived increased workload and resulted in persistent stigmatization and discrimination despite work productivity and academic metrics being independent of pregnancy events. Maternity leave policies were inconsistent and largely unsatisfactory. Women physicians incurred occupational hazard risk and had high rates of childbearing delay, abortion, and fertility treatment; obstetric and fetal complication rates compared to controls are conflicting.
CONCLUSIONS
Comprehensive literature review found that physician pregnancy impacts colleagues, elicits negative perceptions of productivity, and is inadequately addressed by current parental leave policies. Data are poor and insufficient to definitively determine the impact of physician pregnancy on maternal and fetal health. Prospective risk-matched observational studies of physician pregnancy should be pursued.
背景
医生怀孕对个人健康和职业的影响需要进一步研究。我们对医生怀孕进行了全面的范围综述，以综合评估证据，为相关利益相关者的决策提供依据。
方法
对 7 个数据库进行了搜索，共得到 3733 条引文。纳入 407 篇文献进行证据水平评分。使用模板分析将数据提取为主题。
结果
医生怀孕使同事感到工作量增加，尽管工作效率和学术指标与怀孕事件无关，但仍持续受到污名化和歧视。产假政策不一致且大多不尽人意。女医生面临职业危害风险，生育延迟、流产和生育治疗的发生率较高；与对照组相比，产科和胎儿并发症的发生率存在矛盾。
结论
全面的文献综述发现，医生怀孕会影响同事，对生产力产生负面看法，并且当前的育儿假政策没有充分解决这一问题。数据较差且不足以确定医生怀孕对母婴健康的影响。应该进行前瞻性风险匹配的医生怀孕观察性研究。
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