Division of Immunology, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
Immunol Cell Biol. 2020 Jul;98(6):439-448. doi: 10.1111/imcb.12323. Epub 2020 Mar 25.
The protection of a multicellular organism from infection, at both cell and humoral levels, has been a tremendous driver of gene selection and cellular response strategies. Here we focus on a critical event in the development of humoral immunity: The transition from principally innate responses to a system of adaptive cell selection, with all the attendant mechanical problems that must be solved in order for it to work effectively. Here we review recent advances, but our major goal is to highlight that the development of adaptive immunity resulted from the adoption, reuse and repurposing of an ancient, autonomous cellular program that combines and exploits three titratable cellular fate timers. We illustrate how this common cell machinery recurs and appears throughout biology, and has been essential for the evolution of complex organisms, at many levels of scale.
从细胞和体液两个层面保护多细胞生物免受感染，一直是基因选择和细胞反应策略的巨大驱动力。在这里，我们关注体液免疫发展中的一个关键事件：从主要的先天反应向适应性细胞选择系统的转变，以及为了使其有效运作而必须解决的所有相关机械问题。在这里，我们回顾了最近的进展，但我们的主要目标是强调适应性免疫的发展是由于采用、重新利用和重新调整古老的、自主的细胞程序，该程序结合并利用了三个可滴定的细胞命运定时器。我们举例说明了这种常见的细胞机制是如何反复出现并存在于整个生物学中的，并在许多尺度上对复杂生物的进化至关重要。
