Onwubiko S N, Nwachukwu N Z, Muomah R C, Okoloagu N M, Ngwegu O M, Nwachukwu D C
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Ituku-Ozalla, Enugu, Nigeria.
Department of Psychological Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital Ituku-Ozalla, PMB 01129, Enugu, Nigeria.
Niger J Clin Pract. 2020 Mar;23(3):315-321. doi: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_140_19.
To explore the factors associated with depression and anxiety among glaucoma patients.
This was a cross-sectional study involving adult glaucoma patients, who attended the eye clinic of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital, Parklane, Enugu, from April to September 2018. In total, 182 glaucoma patients with no other significant ophthalmic or medical conditions were recruited. Information on their socio-demographic and clinical characteristics was obtained using a close-ended, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Detailed ophthalmic evaluation to characterize the glaucoma was done. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the hospital anxiety and depression scale. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Bivariate analysis was done to identify factors associated with depression and anxiety. The level of significance was at P < 0.05.
The participants were mainly females, 108 (59.3%), married, civil servants with tertiary education and mean age of 59.7 ± 13.3 SD years. Majority of them had advanced stage of primary open angle glaucoma. Eighty (44%) of the participants had anxiety, while 76 (41.8%) had depression. Severe/blind stage of glaucoma and reduced visual acuity were significantly associated with anxiety and depression; occupation (trading) and intraocular pressure of <21 mmHg also significantly associated with depression.
The prevalence of anxiety and depression among glaucoma patients in Enugu was high. Severe/blind stage of glaucoma and reduced visual acuity were the most important factors that associated with both anxiety and depression. Incorporating a psychological health approach to glaucoma care especially in patients with severe glaucoma and reduced visual acuity may promote effective communication between clinicians and patients and treatment adherence.
探讨青光眼患者抑郁和焦虑的相关因素。
这是一项横断面研究，研究对象为2018年4月至9月在埃努古州立大学教学医院眼科门诊就诊的成年青光眼患者。共招募了182例无其他重大眼科或内科疾病的青光眼患者。通过封闭式、由访谈者管理的问卷获取他们的社会人口学和临床特征信息。对青光眼进行详细的眼科评估以进行特征描述。使用医院焦虑抑郁量表评估抑郁和焦虑情况。数据采用SPSS 21版进行分析。进行双变量分析以确定与抑郁和焦虑相关的因素。显著性水平为P < 0.05。
参与者主要为女性，共108例（59.3%），已婚，是受过高等教育的公务员，平均年龄为59.7±13.3标准差岁。他们大多数处于原发性开角型青光眼晚期。80例（44%）参与者有焦虑，76例（41.8%）有抑郁。青光眼的重度/失明阶段和视力下降与焦虑和抑郁显著相关；职业（经商）和眼压<21 mmHg也与抑郁显著相关。
埃努古青光眼患者中焦虑和抑郁的患病率较高。青光眼的重度/失明阶段和视力下降是与焦虑和抑郁相关的最重要因素。在青光眼护理中纳入心理健康方法，尤其是在重度青光眼和视力下降的患者中，可能会促进临床医生与患者之间的有效沟通以及治疗依从性。
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