University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; Massachusetts General Hospital, Center for Law, Brain, and Behavior, Boston, MA 02114, USA; MGH Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
University of Minnesota Law School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; University of Minnesota Consortium on Law and Values in Health, Environment & the Life Sciences, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Neuron. 2020 Mar 4;105(5):771-775. doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2020.01.041.
Highly portable, cloud-enabled neuroimaging technologies will fundamentally change neuroimaging research. Instead of participants traveling to the scanner, the scanner will now come to them. Field-based brain imaging research, including populations underrepresented in neuroscience research to date, will enlarge and diversify databases and pave the way for clinical and direct-to-consumer (DTC) applications. Yet these technological developments urgently require analysis of their ethical, legal, and social implications (ELSI). No consensus ethical frameworks for mobile neuroimaging exist, and existing policies for traditional MRI research are inadequate. Based on literature review and ethics analysis of neurotechnology development efforts, Shen et al. identify seven foundational, yet unresolved, ELSI issues posed by portable neuroimaging: (1) informed consent; (2) privacy; (3) capacity to accurately communicate neuroimaging results to remote participants; (4) extensive reliance on cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI) for data analysis; (5) potential bias of interpretive algorithms in diverse populations; (6) return of research results and incidental (or secondary) findings to research participants; and (7) responding to participant requests for access to their data. The article proposes a path forward to address these urgent issues.
高度便携、可云端访问的神经影像学技术将从根本上改变神经影像学研究。现在，参与者不再需要前往扫描仪所在地，而是扫描仪将来到他们身边。基于现场的脑成像研究，包括迄今为止在神经科学研究中代表性不足的人群，将扩大和多样化数据库，并为临床和直接面向消费者（DTC）应用铺平道路。然而，这些技术发展迫切需要分析其伦理、法律和社会影响（ELSI）。移动神经影像学没有共识的伦理框架，传统 MRI 研究的现有政策也不充分。基于对神经技术发展努力的文献回顾和伦理分析，Shen 等人确定了便携式神经影像学带来的七个基础但尚未解决的 ELSI 问题：（1）知情同意；（2）隐私；（3）向远程参与者准确传达神经影像学结果的能力；（4）广泛依赖基于云的人工智能（AI）进行数据分析；（5）解释算法在不同人群中的潜在偏差；（6）向研究参与者返还研究结果和偶然（或次要）发现；（7）回应参与者对访问其数据的请求。本文提出了一条解决这些紧迫问题的前进道路。
