Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Institute of Agricultural Environment and Resources, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650201, China.
Key Laboratory of Nonpoint Source Pollution Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Sci Total Environ. 2020 Jun 10;720:137558. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137558. Epub 2020 Feb 25.
The use of livestock manure as a substitution for synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers is recommended to improve the sustainable use of manure nutrients and alleviate the adverse impacts of synthetic N fertilizers on the environment. A thorough understanding of how such substitutions affect reactive N losses and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in cereal production systems in the North China Plain (a main livestock production region in China), is needed to achieve an environmental friendly and sustainable production. Based on a long-term field experiment, different manure/chemical fertilizer treatments were designed, i.e., non-fertilization control (CK), chemical fertilizers alone (NPK), and manure substitution for chemical N fertilizers (with equivalent N rate; NPKP, 50% N from pig manure; NPKC, 50% N from chicken manure). Crop yield, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), soil fertility, N losses, and GHG emissions were chosen as prominent indicators to evaluate the consequences of manure substitutions for N-based fertilizers. The replacement of synthetic fertilizers by livestock manure decreased NO-N leaching and NH volatilization by 46.2% and 5.61-22.2%, respectively, while sustained the crop yields and improved NUE. However, both NPKP and NPKC treatments did not have any impact on NO and CO mitigation. Compared with NPK, NPKC and NPKP meaningfully increased SOC by 9.56% and 19.6%, respectively. More specifically, NPKC increased TN content by 14.7% (P < 0.05) compared to NPK treatment. The results showed that 50% substitution of manure for synthetic N fertilizers is a potential option in maize production systems to decrease N losses (including NH, NO emissions and N leaching) by approximately 45% (42.8-48.1%). However, only 1.81% of the total farmers surveyed (i.e., 16,595) have being applied livestock manure for maize cultivation in the North China Plain. Therefore, famers in this plain should be encouraged to use manure to improve ecological aspects of cereal cultivation and decrease the associated environmental pollutions.
利用家畜粪便替代合成氮肥（N）肥料被推荐用于改善粪便养分的可持续利用，并减轻合成 N 肥料对环境的不利影响。为了实现环境友好和可持续的生产，需要深入了解这种替代如何影响华北平原（中国主要的畜牧业生产区）的谷类生产系统中活性 N 损失和温室气体（GHG）排放。基于长期田间试验，设计了不同的粪肥/化肥处理，即不施肥对照（CK）、单独化肥（NPK）和化肥替代（NPKP，50%N 来自猪粪；NPKC，50%N 来自鸡粪）。作物产量、氮利用效率（NUE）、土壤肥力、N 损失和 GHG 排放被选为评价粪肥替代 N 基肥料后果的突出指标。用家畜粪便替代合成肥料分别减少了 46.2%和 5.61-22.2%的 NO-N 淋溶和 NH 挥发，同时维持了作物产量并提高了 NUE。然而，NPKP 和 NPKC 处理对 NO 和 CO 的缓解均没有任何影响。与 NPK 相比，NPKC 和 NPKP 分别显著增加了 9.56%和 19.6%的 SOC。具体而言，与 NPK 处理相比，NPKC 增加了 14.7%的 TN 含量（P<0.05）。结果表明，50%的粪肥替代合成 N 肥料是玉米生产系统中减少 N 损失（包括 NH、NO 排放和 N 淋溶）的潜在选择，约减少 45%（42.8-48.1%）。然而，在华北平原，只有 1.81%的被调查农民（即 16595 人）在玉米种植中使用了家畜粪便。因此，应鼓励该平原的农民使用粪便来改善谷类种植的生态方面，并减少相关的环境污染。
