School of Health and Related Research (ScHARR), University of Sheffield, Regent Court, 30 Regent Street, Sheffield, S1 4DA, UK.
Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, S10 2JF, UK.
Health Qual Life Outcomes. 2020 Mar 5;18(1):59. doi: 10.1186/s12955-020-01305-3.
The Health And Self-Management In Diabetes (HASMID) questionnaire consists of 8 attributes, 4 about quality of life, and 4 about self-management. The overall aim of this study was to rigorously examine the psychometric properties of the HASMID questionnaire.
The study comprised two phases. Phase 1 identified items of the HASMID questionnaire that potentially required rewording through consultation with a patient involvement panel and two focus groups of people with diabetes. Phase 2 involved a cross-sectional longitudinal survey where HASMID, EQ-5D-5L, health, treatment and sociodemographic questions were administered using both paper and online versions to people with diabetes. Participants were asked to complete the survey again approximately 3 months later. Psychometric analyses were undertaken to examine floor and ceiling effects, item distributions, known group differences and internal consistency. Rasch analysis was undertaken to assess differential item functioning and disordered thresholds.
Phase 1 derived five alternative wordings to items: Irritable, Affects Mealtimes, Daily Routine, Social Activities and Problem. Phase 2 achieved 2835 responses at time point 1 (n = 1944 online, n = 891 paper version) and 1243 at time point 2 (n = 533 online, n = 710 paper version). Overall the HASMID items performed well, though two alternative worded items (Irritable and Social Activities) provided additional information not fully captured by the original HASMID items.
Psychometric evaluation and Rasch analysis were used in conjunction with expert opinion to determine the final questionnaire. The application of psychometric analyses or Rasch analysis alone to inform item selection would have resulted in different items being selected for the final instrument. The benefit of a combined approach has produced an instrument which has a broader evaluation of self-management. The final validated HASMID-10 is a short self-report PRO that can be used to evaluate the impact of self-management for people living with diabetes. HASMID-10 can be scored using total summative scores, with utility and monetary values also available for use in cost-utility and cost-benefit analyses.
健康与糖尿病自我管理量表（HASMID）由 8 个属性组成，其中 4 个与生活质量有关，4 个与自我管理有关。本研究的总体目标是严格检验 HASMID 问卷的心理测量特性。
该研究分为两个阶段。第一阶段通过咨询患者参与小组和两组糖尿病患者的焦点小组，确定 HASMID 问卷中可能需要重新措辞的项目。第二阶段涉及一项横断面纵向调查，向糖尿病患者同时使用纸质和在线版本的 HASMID、EQ-5D-5L、健康、治疗和社会人口统计学问题进行调查。要求参与者大约 3 个月后再次完成调查。进行心理测量分析以检查地板效应和天花板效应、项目分布、已知的群体差异和内部一致性。进行 Rasch 分析以评估差异项目功能和无序阈值。
第一阶段从项目中得出了五个替代措辞：易怒、影响进餐时间、日常生活、社交活动和问题。第二阶段在时间点 1 获得了 2835 份回复（n=1944 在线，n=891 纸质版），在时间点 2 获得了 1243 份回复（n=533 在线，n=710 纸质版）。总体而言，HASMID 项目表现良好，尽管两个替代措辞的项目（易怒和社交活动）提供了原始 HASMID 项目未充分捕捉到的额外信息。
心理测量评估和 Rasch 分析与专家意见一起用于确定最终问卷。单独应用心理测量分析或 Rasch 分析来告知项目选择，会导致最终仪器选择不同的项目。联合方法的好处是产生了一种更广泛评估自我管理的仪器。最终验证的 HASMID-10 是一种简短的自我报告式 PRO，可用于评估糖尿病患者自我管理的影响。HASMID-10 可以使用总分进行评分，也可以使用效用和货币价值进行成本效用和成本效益分析。
