Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
Vitam Horm. 2020;113:239-258. doi: 10.1016/bs.vh.2019.08.013. Epub 2019 Oct 18.
In mammals, three subtypes of V-receptors have been identified in the kidney. The effects of vasopressin, a hormone synthesized in the hypothalamus, are triggered by three distinct receptor isoforms: V2, V1a, and V1b. Stimulation of V2-receptors regulates urine osmotic concentration by increasing sodium reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle and enhancing osmotic permeability of the epithelium cells in the collecting duct. Stimulation of V1a-receptors inhibits renal sodium reabsorption and induces natriuresis, comparable to the effect of the diuretic furosemide, in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. Stimulation of V1b-receptors induces potassium secretion in the final parts of the distal segments and initial parts of the collecting ducts. In this review, we discuss the role of vasopressin and its interaction with V-receptor subtypes in natriuresis and for stabilizing the physicochemical parameters of the internal environment and water-salt homeostasis in humans. A better understanding of these systems and their regulation is necessary to facilitate identification of additional system components and mechanisms, clarify their contribution during various normal and pathological functional states, and suggest novel strategies for the development of therapeutic interventions.
在哺乳动物中，肾脏中已鉴定出三种 V 型受体亚型。由下丘脑合成的激素血管加压素通过三种不同的受体亚型 V2、V1a 和 V1b 引发作用。V2 受体的刺激通过增加升支粗段中钠的重吸收并增强集合管上皮细胞的渗透通透性来调节尿液渗透压浓度。V1a 受体的刺激抑制肾脏钠的重吸收并诱导利钠作用，类似于利尿剂呋塞米在升支粗段中的作用。V1b 受体的刺激在远端部分的最后部分和收集管的初始部分诱导钾分泌。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了血管加压素及其与 V 型受体亚型在利钠作用中的相互作用，以及对稳定人体内部环境的理化参数和水盐平衡的作用。更好地了解这些系统及其调节机制对于促进识别其他系统成分和机制、阐明它们在各种正常和病理功能状态下的贡献以及提出治疗干预的新策略是必要的。
