School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences; Loughborough University; Loughborough; UK.
The Peter Harrison Centre for Disability Sport; Loughborough University; Loughborough; UK.
Exerc Immunol Rev. 2020;26:42-55.
Chronic low-grade inflammation is increasingly recognized in the aetiology of a range of chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease, and may therefore serve as a promising target in their prevention or treatment. An acute inflammatory response can be induced by exercise; this is characterised by the acute increase in proinflammatory markers that subsequently stimulate the production of anti-inflammatory proteins. This may help explain the reduction in basal concentrations of pro-inflammatory markers following chronic exercise training. For sedentary populations, such as people with a disability, wheelchair users, or the elderly, the prevalence of chronic low-grade inflammation- related disease is further increased above that of individuals with a greater capacity to be physically active. Performing regular exercise with its proposed anti-inflammatory potential may not be feasible for these individuals due to a low physical capacity or other barriers to exercise. Therefore, alternatives to exercise that induce a transient acute inflammatory response may benefit their health. Manipulating body temperature may be such an alternative. Indeed, exercising in the heat results in a larger acute increase in inflammatory markers such as interleukin-6 and heat shock protein 72 when compared with exercising in thermoneutral conditions. Moreover, similar to exercise, passive elevation of body temperature can induce acute increases and chronic reductions in inflammatory markers and positively affect markers of glycaemic control. Here we discuss the potential benefits and mechanisms of active (i.e., exercise) and passive heating methods (e.g., hot water immersion, sauna therapy) to reduce chronic low-grade inflammation and improve metabolic health, with a focus on people who are restricted from being physically active.
慢性低度炎症在多种慢性疾病（包括 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病）的发病机制中越来越受到重视，因此可能成为预防或治疗这些疾病的有前途的靶点。运动可引发急性炎症反应；其特征是促炎标志物的急性增加，随后刺激抗炎蛋白的产生。这也许可以解释慢性运动训练后促炎标志物基础浓度的降低。对于久坐不动的人群，如残疾人士、轮椅使用者或老年人，由于缺乏体力活动的能力，他们患与慢性低度炎症相关的疾病的流行率比体力活动能力较强的人群更高。由于身体能力较低或其他运动障碍，这些人可能无法进行定期运动及其提出的抗炎潜力。因此，诱导短暂急性炎症反应的替代运动可能有益于他们的健康。改变体温可能是一种选择。事实上，与在热中性条件下运动相比，在热环境中运动可导致白细胞介素 6 和热休克蛋白 72 等炎症标志物更大的急性增加。此外，与运动类似，被动升高体温可诱导炎症标志物的急性增加和慢性减少，并对血糖控制标志物产生积极影响。在这里，我们讨论了主动（即运动）和被动加热方法（例如热水浸泡、桑拿疗法）降低慢性低度炎症和改善代谢健康的潜在益处和机制，重点关注那些因身体受限而无法进行体力活动的人群。
