Cullen Chad M, Aneja Kawalpreet K, Beyhan Sinem, Cho Clara E, Woloszynek Stephen, Convertino Matteo, McCoy Sophie J, Zhang Yanyan, Anderson Matthew Z, Alvarez-Ponce David, Smirnova Ekaterina, Karstens Lisa, Dorrestein Pieter C, Li Hongzhe, Sen Gupta Ananya, Cheung Kevin, Powers Jennifer Gloeckner, Zhao Zhengqiao, Rosen Gail L
School of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Health Systems, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
The School District of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Feb 19;11:136. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00136. eCollection 2020.
Microbiome research has increased dramatically in recent years, driven by advances in technology and significant reductions in the cost of analysis. Such research has unlocked a wealth of data, which has yielded tremendous insight into the nature of the microbial communities, including their interactions and effects, both within a host and in an external environment as part of an ecological community. Understanding the role of microbiota, including their dynamic interactions with their hosts and other microbes, can enable the engineering of new diagnostic techniques and interventional strategies that can be used in a diverse spectrum of fields, spanning from ecology and agriculture to medicine and from forensics to exobiology. From June 19-23 in 2017, the NIH and NSF jointly held an Innovation Lab on . This review is inspired by some of the topics that arose as priority areas from this unique, interactive workshop. The goal of this review is to summarize the Innovation Lab's findings by introducing the reader to emerging challenges, exciting potential, and current directions in microbiome research. The review is broken into five key topic areas: (1) interactions between microbes and the human body, (2) evolution and ecology of microbes, including the role played by the environment and microbe-microbe interactions, (3) analytical and mathematical methods currently used in microbiome research, (4) leveraging knowledge of microbial composition and interactions to develop engineering solutions, and (5) interventional approaches and engineered microbiota that may be enabled by selectively altering microbial composition. As such, this review seeks to arm the reader with a broad understanding of the priorities and challenges in microbiome research today and provide inspiration for future investigation and multi-disciplinary collaboration.
近年来，在技术进步和分析成本大幅降低的推动下，微生物组研究急剧增加。此类研究已解锁了大量数据，从而让人们对微生物群落的性质有了深入了解，包括它们在宿主内部以及作为生态群落一部分在外部环境中的相互作用和影响。了解微生物群的作用，包括它们与宿主及其他微生物的动态相互作用，有助于设计新的诊断技术和干预策略，这些技术和策略可应用于从生态学、农业到医学，从法医学到外生物学等广泛领域。2017年6月19日至23日，美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）和美国国家科学基金会（NSF）联合举办了一次关于……的创新实验室。本综述的灵感来源于这个独特的互动研讨会中作为优先领域出现的一些主题。本综述的目的是通过向读者介绍微生物组研究中出现的新挑战、令人兴奋的潜力和当前方向，来总结创新实验室的研究结果。该综述分为五个关键主题领域：（1）微生物与人体之间的相互作用；（2）微生物的进化与生态，包括环境和微生物 - 微生物相互作用所起的作用；（3）微生物组研究目前使用的分析和数学方法；（4）利用微生物组成和相互作用的知识来开发工程解决方案；（5）通过选择性改变微生物组成可能实现的干预方法和工程微生物群。因此，本综述旨在让读者广泛了解当今微生物组研究的重点和挑战，并为未来的研究和多学科合作提供灵感。
