穿越利比亚的移民遭受暴力事件：在法国塞纳-圣但尼省“世界医生”接待与医疗中心开展的一项横断面研究。
Episodes of violence suffered by migrants transiting through Libya: a cross-sectional study in "Médecins du Monde's" reception and healthcare centre in Seine-Saint-Denis, France.
作者信息
Reques L, Aranda-Fernandez E, Rolland C, Grippon A, Fallet N, Reboul C, Godard N, Luhmann N
机构信息
Médecins du Monde, 62 rue Marcadet, 75018 Paris, France.
出版信息
Confl Health. 2020 Feb 28;14:12. doi: 10.1186/s13031-020-0256-3. eCollection 2020.
INTRODUCTION
The Central Mediterranean Route, passing through Libya, is one of the most dangerous for migrants. Episodes of violence have been documented but have not been accurately quantified. The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of episodes of violence suffered in Libya by migrants consulting the Médecins du Monde reception and healthcare centre in Seine-Saint-Denis (Ile-de-France).
METHODOLOGY
A monocentric cross-sectional study was conducted from February to May 2019 including migrants over the age of 18 years who had passed through Libya and arrived in Europe from 2017. The presence of emotional distress was considered as exclusion criterion. The proportion, frequency and factors associated to physical, deprivation and sexual violence in Libya were estimated through a bespoke questionnaire, as well as healthcare access in Libya and psychosocial support needs.
RESULTS
Ninety eight people were recruited and 72 were interviewed (17 refused to participate and 9 were excluded). 76.4% were men, with a mean age of 31.9 years, 76.4% had low educational level, 66.7% came from Ivory Coast and 59.7% had left their country for security reasons. The median length of stay in Libya was 180 days. The overall proportion of participants having suffered from violence was 96.4% among men and 88.2% among women. The prevalence of physical, deprivation and sexual violence for men and women were 94.2, 81.7 and 18% and 80.0, 86.7 and 53.3%, respectively. Access to healthcare in Libya was 2.8 and 63.9% of participants were oriented to psychosocial support after the interview.
CONCLUSIONS
The vast majority of migrants reported having been victims of violence during their transit through Libya. Women were at particular risk of sexual violence. Access to health care in Libya was almost non-existent. Psychosocial support for this population is urgent.
引言
途经利比亚的地中海中部路线是对移民来说最危险的路线之一。暴力事件已有记录，但尚未得到准确量化。本研究的目的是通过咨询位于塞纳 - 圣但尼（法兰西岛）的世界医生接待与医疗中心的移民，来估计在利比亚遭受暴力事件的发生率。
方法
2019年2月至5月进行了一项单中心横断面研究，纳入了2017年之后途经利比亚并抵达欧洲的18岁以上移民。存在情绪困扰被视为排除标准。通过一份定制问卷估计了在利比亚遭受身体暴力、剥夺暴力和性暴力的比例、频率及相关因素，以及在利比亚获得医疗服务的情况和心理社会支持需求。
结果
招募了98人，72人接受了访谈（17人拒绝参与，9人被排除）。76.4%为男性，平均年龄31.9岁，76.4%教育水平低，66.7%来自科特迪瓦，59.7%因安全原因离开本国。在利比亚的停留时间中位数为180天。遭受暴力的参与者总体比例在男性中为96.4%，在女性中为88.2%。男性和女性遭受身体暴力、剥夺暴力和性暴力的发生率分别为94.2%、81.7%、18%和80.0%、86.7%、53.3%。在利比亚获得医疗服务的比例为2.8%，63.9%的参与者在访谈后被转至心理社会支持机构。
结论
绝大多数移民报告在途经利比亚期间曾遭受暴力侵害。女性尤其面临性暴力风险。在利比亚几乎无法获得医疗服务。对这一群体的心理社会支持刻不容缓。
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