UNU-MERIT / Maastricht University, Boschstraat 24, 6211, AX, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
Department of Political Science, University of Amsterdam, Nieuwe Achtergracht 166, 1018, Amsterdam, WV, Netherlands.
Global Health. 2022 Jun 28;18(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s12992-022-00860-2.
Gender based violence (GBV) is a critical issue and migrants are at higher risk of experiencing and being victimized by GBV. This critical interpretative synthesis (CIS) examines migrants experiences of GBV with a focus on different migrant groups and experiences at different stages of the migrant journey.
The guiding question of this review is: "how do migrants experience gender-based violence?" A total of 84 studies were included in the CIS, of which 67 peer-reviewed academic articles were selected from 2356 studies found on WebofScience, MedLINE, and ProQuest, and 17 relevant studies from the grey literature were selected from the time period 2011 to 2020. All final studies were reviewed and synthesized using a critical inductive approach to formulate the key results.
The results demonstrate a high prevalence of GBV amongst migrants, and in particular among vulnerable migrant groups such as forced migrants and irregular migrants, with an emerging focus on male victims. Findings of the CIS revealed three key themes: 1) Most GBV occurrences are rooted in unequal power dynamics; 2) Victims often live with long-lasting consequences that are worsened by their fear of disclosure and stigmatization; 3) There are differential understandings of victimhood across organizations, communities, and victims themselves. In order to support access, sampling, and methodological challenges in this field of research, this article also reports its findings on common risk-factors identified, consequences and coping mechanisms reported, protection policies targeting GBV, and finally, available databases and data collection methods.
Further directions for research should be encouraged to move beyond prevalence reporting into identifying risk-factors and possible prevention in both sexes. In addition, more research on GBV experiences throughout migrants' journeys, and coping mechanisms should be encouraged.
性别暴力（GBV）是一个严重的问题，移民者遭受性别暴力和成为性别暴力受害者的风险更高。本关键性解释性综合研究（CIS）检查了移民者经历性别暴力的情况，重点关注不同的移民群体和移民旅程不同阶段的经历。
本综述的指导问题是：“移民者如何经历性别暴力？”CIS 共纳入 84 项研究，其中 67 项为同行评议的学术文章，从 WebofScience、MedLINE 和 ProQuest 上找到的 2356 项研究中选取，17 项相关研究从灰色文献中选取，时间为 2011 年至 2020 年。使用批判性归纳法对所有最终研究进行审查和综合，以制定关键结果。
结果表明，移民者中性别暴力的发生率很高，特别是在弱势移民群体中，如被迫移民和非正常移民，而且男性受害者的数量也在不断增加。CIS 的研究结果揭示了三个关键主题：1）大多数性别暴力事件都源于不平等的权力动态；2）受害者经常遭受持久的后果，由于他们害怕披露和污名化，这些后果会变得更糟；3）不同的组织、社区和受害者本身对受害者身份有不同的理解。为了支持该研究领域在获取、抽样和方法学方面的挑战，本文还报告了常见风险因素、报告的后果和应对机制、针对性别暴力的保护政策以及现有的数据库和数据收集方法。
应该鼓励进一步的研究方向，不仅要报告流行程度，还要确定两性的风险因素和可能的预防措施。此外，还应该鼓励对移民者整个旅程中的性别暴力经历和应对机制进行更多研究。
