Unit of Epidemiology, Regional Health Service ASLTO3, Via Sabaudia 164, 10095, Grugliasco, TO, Italy.
Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy.
Global Health. 2022 Jun 3;18(1):57. doi: 10.1186/s12992-022-00846-0.
Since 2011 Italy has faced an extraordinary increase in migrants arrivals, mainly from the Mediterranean route, one of the world's most dangerous journeys. The purpose of the present article is to provide a comprehensive picture of the migrants' health status in the "T. Fenoglio" centre, Settimo Torinese (Turin, Italy).
A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using data collected from June 2016 to May 2018 on adult migrants (over 18 years old) from Africa, Middle East and South East Asia (Bangladesh, Cambodia, India, Nepal). Data was collected through the migrants' medical records. Descriptive statistics were performed on socio-demographic variables. The diagnosed diseases were anonymously registered and classified according to the International Classification of Primary Care (ICPC-2). Conditional Inference Trees were used to perform a descriptive analysis of the sample and to detect the covariates with the strongest association with the variables Disease on arrival, Disease after arrival, ICPC on arrival and ICPC after arrival.
Analyzed observations were 9 857. 81.8% were men, median age was 23 (Interquartile range: 20.0-27.4). 70.3% of the sample came from Sub-Saharan Africa. 2 365 individuals (24%) arrived at the centre with at least one disease. On arrival, skin (27.71%), respiratory (14.46%), digestive (14.73%) and generic diseases (20.88%) were the most frequent. During the stay respiratory diseases were the most common (25.70%). The highest probability of arriving with a disease occurred in 2018 and during the period September-November 2016, in particular for people from the Horn of Africa. During this period and also in the first half of 2017, skin diseases were the most reported. In seasons with lower prevalence of diseases on arrival the most common disease code was generic for both men and women (usually fever or trauma).
This study provides information on the diverse diseases that affect the asylum seekers population. In our sample, the Horn of Africa was the most troubled area of arrival, with severe conditions frequently reported regarding skin diseases, in particular scabies. 2018 was the most critical year, especially for migrants from the Horn of Africa and Sub-Saharan Africa. During the stay at the camp, the prevalence of respiratory diseases increased. However, skin diseases remained the main issue for people from the Horn of Africa. Overall, the most reported diseases in the sample were dermatological, respiratory, digestive and generic diseases, both on arrival and during the stay. A better understanding of the health status of asylum seekers is an important factor to determine a more efficient reception and integration process and a better allocation of economic resources in the context of migrants' health care.
自 2011 年以来，意大利面临着移民入境人数的大幅增长，主要来自地中海路线，这是世界上最危险的路线之一。本文的目的是提供一个全面的图片，在“T. Fenoglio”中心的移民的健康状况，塞蒂莫泰尔佐（都灵，意大利）。
使用 2016 年 6 月至 2018 年 5 月期间从非洲、中东和东南亚（孟加拉国、柬埔寨、印度、尼泊尔）成年移民（18 岁以上）的医疗记录收集的数据，进行了一项回顾性的横断面研究。描述性统计分析了社会人口统计学变量。所诊断的疾病根据初级保健国际分类（ICPC-2）匿名登记和分类。条件推理树用于对样本进行描述性分析，并检测与疾病在抵达时、抵达后、抵达时的 ICPC 和抵达后时的 ICPC 变量具有最强关联的协变量。
分析观察到的 9857 例，81.8%为男性，中位年龄为 23 岁（四分位间距：20.0-27.4）。样本中 70.3%来自撒哈拉以南非洲。2365 名（24%）个体在抵达中心时至少有一种疾病。抵达时，皮肤（27.71%）、呼吸（14.46%）、消化（14.73%）和一般疾病（20.88%）最为常见。在逗留期间，呼吸道疾病最为常见（25.70%）。在疾病发病率最高的时期是 2018 年和 2016 年 9 月至 11 月，特别是来自非洲之角的人。在此期间，以及 2017 年上半年，皮肤疾病报告最多。在疾病发病率较低的季节，男性和女性最常见的疾病代码是一般疾病（通常是发热或创伤）。
本研究提供了有关影响寻求庇护者人群的各种疾病的信息。在我们的样本中，非洲之角是到达的最麻烦地区，经常报告皮肤疾病，特别是疥疮，情况严重。2018 年是最关键的一年，特别是对于来自非洲之角和撒哈拉以南非洲的移民。在营地逗留期间，呼吸道疾病的发病率上升。然而，皮肤疾病仍然是来自非洲之角的人的主要问题。总体而言，样本中报告的最常见疾病是皮肤、呼吸、消化和一般疾病，无论是在抵达时还是在逗留期间。更好地了解寻求庇护者的健康状况是一个重要因素，可以确定更有效的接待和融入过程，并在移民保健方面更好地分配经济资源。
