CHU de Bordeaux, CRCM Pédiatrique, CIC 1401, Bordeaux, France.
Univ. Bordeaux, Centre de Recherche Cardio-Thoracique de Bordeaux, U1045, Bordeaux, France.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2020 Feb 19;10:9. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.00009. eCollection 2020.
The gut and lungs are anatomically distinct, but potential anatomic communications and complex pathways involving their respective microbiota have reinforced the existence of a gut-lung axis (GLA). Compared to the better-studied gut microbiota, the lung microbiota, only considered in recent years, represents a more discreet part of the whole microbiota associated to human hosts. While the vast majority of studies focused on the bacterial component of the microbiota in healthy and pathological conditions, recent works have highlighted the contribution of fungal and viral kingdoms at both digestive and respiratory levels. Moreover, growing evidence indicates the key role of inter-kingdom crosstalks in maintaining host homeostasis and in disease evolution. In fact, the recently emerged GLA concept involves host-microbe as well as microbe-microbe interactions, based both on localized and long-reaching effects. GLA can shape immune responses and interfere with the course of respiratory diseases. In this review, we aim to analyze how the lung and gut microbiota influence each other and may impact on respiratory diseases. Due to the limited knowledge on the human virobiota, we focused on gut and lung bacteriobiota and mycobiota, with a specific attention on inter-kingdom microbial crosstalks which are able to shape local or long-reached host responses within the GLA.
肠道和肺部在解剖学上是不同的，但潜在的解剖学联系和涉及它们各自微生物群的复杂途径，强化了肠道-肺部轴（GLA）的存在。与研究得更好的肠道微生物群相比，近年来才开始研究的肺部微生物群代表了与人类宿主相关的整个微生物群中更为离散的一部分。虽然绝大多数研究都集中在健康和病理条件下微生物群的细菌组成上，但最近的研究强调了真菌和病毒王国在消化和呼吸水平上的贡献。此外，越来越多的证据表明，种间串扰在维持宿主内稳态和疾病演变中的关键作用。事实上，最近出现的 GLA 概念涉及宿主-微生物以及微生物-微生物相互作用，这既基于局部效应，也基于远程效应。GLA 可以塑造免疫反应并干扰呼吸道疾病的进程。在这篇综述中，我们旨在分析肺部和肠道微生物群如何相互影响，并可能对呼吸道疾病产生影响。由于对人类病毒组的了解有限，我们重点关注肠道和肺部细菌微生物群和真菌微生物群，并特别关注能够在 GLA 内塑造局部或远程宿主反应的种间微生物串扰。
