Unidad Académica Multidisciplinaria Zona Media, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Rioverde, SLP, México.
Programa de Posgrado en Botánica, Colegio de Postgraduados, Carretera México Texcoco, km 35.5, 56230, Montecillo, Estado de México, Mexico.
Planta. 2020 Mar 6;251(4):74. doi: 10.1007/s00425-020-03371-9.
During their domestication process, the species of the genus Opuntia lose their ability to survive in the wild. Presence and concentration of secondary metabolites which play a role in the interaction with their surroundings are modified but without an identifiable pattern. A domestication gradient based on morphological characteristics has been previously described for the species in the Opuntia genus. Secondary metabolites are a diverse group of bioactive compounds that relate to a species evolution, both in their natural and artificial (domestication process) selection environments. In addition, these compounds are associated with plant resistance to stress when growing in the wild. A comprehensive characterization of secondary metabolite profiles in the Opuntia genus that accounts for the genotypic differences related to the degree of domestication has not previously been conducted. This study evaluated the phytochemical composition of young cladodes from fifteen variants, of O. ficus-indica, O. albicarpa Sheinvar, and O. megacantha Salm-Dyck, identified as species with a highly advanced, advanced and intermediate degree of domestication, respectively, and O. hyptiacantha A. Web, and O. streptacantha Lem. identified as wild-intermediate and wild species. Analyses were carried out using a HPLC-diode array detection technique. Out of the 13 identified and quantified phenolic molecules and terpenoids, only the caffeic, ferulic and syringic acids, and the terpenoid β-amyrin were present in all variants. The flavonoid luteolin was absent in all five species. Gallic, vallinic, p-hydroxybenzoic, chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids were only present in 53-87% of variants; flavonoids quercetin, isorhamnetin, rutin and apigenin in 47-87% of the variants. Both, oleanolic acid and peniocerol, were present only in 60% of variants. Isorhamnetin was absent in O. hyptiacantha and quercetin in O. streptacntha. Differences and similarities in the secondary metabolites content showed no recognizable trend relating to the degree of domestication across the species in this genus.
在驯化过程中，仙人掌属物种丧失了在野外生存的能力。与周围环境相互作用的次生代谢物的存在和浓度发生了变化，但没有可识别的模式。以前已经根据形态特征描述了仙人掌属物种的驯化梯度。次生代谢物是一组与物种进化相关的生物活性化合物，无论是在其自然选择环境还是人工（驯化过程）选择环境中。此外，这些化合物与植物在野外生长时对胁迫的抗性有关。以前没有对与驯化程度相关的基因型差异进行全面描述仙人掌属次生代谢物谱的研究。本研究评估了 15 种 O. ficus-indica、O. albicarpa Sheinvar 和 O. megacantha Salm-Dyck 变体的年轻刺梨的植物化学成分，这些变体分别被确定为高度驯化、先进驯化和中间驯化程度的物种，以及 O. hyptiacantha A. Web 和 O. streptacantha Lem. 被确定为野生-中间和野生物种。使用 HPLC-二极管阵列检测技术进行分析。在所鉴定和定量的 13 种酚类分子和萜类化合物中，只有咖啡酸、阿魏酸和丁香酸以及萜类化合物 β-香树脂醇存在于所有变体中。黄酮类芦丁在所有五个物种中均不存在。没食子酸、缬草酸、对羟基苯甲酸、绿原酸和对香豆酸仅存在于 53-87%的变体中；黄酮类槲皮素、异鼠李素、芦丁和芹菜素存在于 47-87%的变体中。齐墩果酸和 peniocerol 仅存在于 60%的变体中。异鼠李素不存在于 O. hyptiacantha 中，槲皮素不存在于 O. streptacantha 中。次生代谢物含量的差异和相似性没有显示出与该属中物种驯化程度相关的可识别趋势。
