Verwey Willem B, Wright David L, Van der Lubbe Rob H J
Department of Cognitive Psychology and Ergonomics, University of Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands; Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Human Performance Laboratories, Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2020 Apr;205:103044. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2020.103044. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
Two experiments examined whether practicing discrete key pressing sequences eventually leads to a disregard of the key-specific stimuli, as suggested by sequence learning models, or whether these stimuli continue to be relied upon because the associated luminance increase attracts visuospatial attention. Participants practiced two sequences by reacting to two fixed series of seven letter stimuli, each displayed at a location that did or did not correspond with the required response location. Stimulus use was indicated by a Simon effect in that key presses were slowed when stimulus and key locations did not correspond. Experiment 1 demonstrated that letter stimuli continued to be used as the Simon effect occurred with each sequence element, and this remained quite stable across practice and did not differ for familiar and unfamiliar sequences. Experiment 2 showed that the Simon effect remained present even with meaningless stimuli that were often even harmful. These findings suggest that even in motor sequences that can be executed without element-specific stimuli attention attraction enforces stimulus use. The data further supported the assumptions that S-R translation and sequencing systems are racing to trigger individual responses, and that explicit sequence representations include spatial and verbal knowledge.
两项实验探究了练习离散按键序列最终是否会导致对按键特定刺激的忽视（如序列学习模型所暗示的那样），或者这些刺激是否会继续被依赖，因为相关的亮度增加会吸引视觉空间注意力。参与者通过对两个固定的七个字母刺激系列做出反应来练习两个序列，每个刺激显示在与所需反应位置对应或不对应的位置。刺激的使用通过西蒙效应来表明，即当刺激位置和按键位置不对应时，按键速度会减慢。实验1表明，字母刺激继续被使用，因为每个序列元素都出现了西蒙效应，并且在练习过程中这一效应相当稳定，熟悉和不熟悉的序列之间没有差异。实验2表明，即使使用通常甚至有害的无意义刺激，西蒙效应仍然存在。这些发现表明，即使在可以在不吸引特定元素刺激注意力的情况下执行的运动序列中，注意力也会促使对刺激的使用。数据进一步支持了以下假设：刺激-反应转换和排序系统竞相触发个体反应，并且明确的序列表征包括空间和语言知识。
