Dipartimento Universitario Clinico di Scienze Mediche Chirurgiche e della Salute, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Italy.
Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Materno Infantile Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2020 May 1;318(5):G889-G906. doi: 10.1152/ajpgi.00161.2019. Epub 2020 Mar 9.
Each individual is endowed with a unique gut microbiota (GM) footprint that mediates numerous host-related physiological functions, such as nutrient metabolism, maintenance of the structural integrity of the gut mucosal barrier, immunomodulation, and protection against microbial pathogens. Because of increased scientific interest in the GM, its central role in the pathophysiology of many intestinal and extraintestinal conditions has been recognized. Given the close relationship between the gastrointestinal tract and the liver, many pathological processes have been investigated in the light of a microbial-centered hypothesis of hepatic damage. In this review we introduce to neophytes the vast world of gut microbes, including prevalent bacterial distribution in healthy individuals, how the microbiota is commonly analyzed, and the current knowledge of the role of GM in liver disease pathophysiology. Also, we highlight the potentials and downsides of GM-based therapy.
每个人都拥有独特的肠道微生物群（GM）特征，介导许多与宿主相关的生理功能，如营养代谢、维持肠道黏膜屏障的结构完整性、免疫调节以及防止微生物病原体感染。由于人们对 GM 的兴趣日益增加，其在许多肠道和肠道外疾病的病理生理学中的核心作用已得到认可。鉴于胃肠道与肝脏之间的密切关系，许多病理过程已经根据肝脏损伤的微生物中心假说进行了研究。在这篇综述中，我们向新手介绍了广阔的肠道微生物世界，包括健康个体中常见的细菌分布、微生物组通常如何进行分析以及 GM 在肝病病理生理学中的作用的现有知识。此外，我们还强调了基于 GM 的治疗的潜力和缺点。
