Univ. Lille, INRA, YNCREA, Univ. Artois, Univ. Littoral Côte d'Opale, EA 7394-ICV-Institut Charles Viollette, F-59000, Lille, France.
Laboratorio de Investigación de Productos Naturales Antiparasitarios de la Amazonia (LIPNAA), Universidad Nacional de la Amazonía Peruana (UNAP), Centro de Investigaciones de Recursos Naturales de la Amazonía (CIRNA), Nuevo San Lorenzo, Iquitos, Perú.
J Ethnopharmacol. 2020 Jun 12;255:112735. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112735. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
An extensive ethnopharmacological survey was carried out in the Peruvian Amazonian district of Loreto with informants of various cultural origins from the surroundings of Iquitos (capital city of Loreto) and from 15 isolated riverine Quechua communities of the Pastaza River. A close attention was paid to the medical context and plant therapy, leading to the selection of 35 plant species (45 extracts). The extracts were tested for antiviral activity against HCV with counting of Huh-7 cellular death in case of toxicity, and cytotoxicity was evaluated in HepG2 cells.
The aim of the study was to inventory the plants used against hepatitis in Loreto, then to evaluate their antiviral activity and to suggest a way to improve local therapeutic strategy against viral hepatitis, which is a fatal disease that is still increasing in this area.
An ethnographic survey was carried out using "participant-observation" methodology and focusing on plant therapy against hepatitis including associated remedies. 45 parts of plant were extracted with methanol and tested in vitro for anti-HCV activity in 96-well plate, using HCV cell culture system with immunofluorescent detection assisted by automated confocal microscopy. Toxicity of plant extracts was also evaluated in microplates on hepatic cells by immunofluorescent detection, for the Huh-7 nuclei viability, and by UV-absorbance measurement of MTT formazan for cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells.
In vitro assay revealed interesting activity of 18 extracts (50% infection inhibition at 25 μg/mL) with low cytotoxicity for 15 of them. Result analysis showed that at least 30% of HCV virus were inhibited at 25 μg/mL for 60% of the plant extracts. Moreover, the ethnomedical survey showed that remedies used with low and accurate dosing as targeted therapy against hepatitis are usually more active than species indicated with more flexible dosing to alleviate symptoms of hepatic diseases.
Together with bibliographic data analysis, this study supported the traditional medicinal uses of many plants and contributed to a better understanding of the local medical system. It also permitted to refine the therapeutic plant indications regarding patients' liver injuries and vulnerability. Only 2 of the 15 most active plant species have already been studied for antiviral activity against hepatitis suggesting new avenues to be followed for the 13 other species.
在秘鲁亚马逊地区的洛雷托进行了广泛的民族药理学调查，调查对象来自伊基托斯（洛雷托首府）周边地区和帕斯塔萨河 15 个孤立的奎丘亚河沿岸社区，他们来自不同的文化背景。特别关注医疗背景和植物疗法，由此选择了 35 种植物（45 种提取物）。用细胞计数法检测 Huh-7 细胞死亡情况来评估提取物的细胞毒性，并用 HepG2 细胞检测细胞毒性。
本研究旨在对洛雷托用于治疗肝炎的植物进行编目，然后评估其抗病毒活性，并提出一种改善当地治疗病毒性肝炎的策略，因为病毒性肝炎在该地区仍是一种致命疾病，且发病率仍在上升。
采用“参与式观察”方法进行民族志调查，重点关注针对肝炎的植物疗法及相关疗法。用甲醇对 45 种植物部位进行提取，然后在 96 孔板中进行体外抗 HCV 活性检测，使用 HCV 细胞培养系统，通过自动共聚焦显微镜辅助免疫荧光检测。通过免疫荧光检测法，用 Huh-7 细胞核活力法和 MTT 比色法检测 HepG2 细胞的细胞毒性，在微孔板上评估植物提取物的细胞毒性。
体外检测显示 18 种提取物（25μg/ml 时抑制 50%感染）具有活性，其中 15 种提取物的细胞毒性较低。结果分析表明，至少有 30%的 HCV 病毒在 25μg/ml 时被 60%的植物提取物抑制。此外，民族医学调查显示，针对肝炎进行靶向治疗的低剂量精准治疗药物与高剂量缓解肝脏疾病症状的药物相比，通常具有更高的活性。
与文献数据分析相结合，本研究支持了许多植物的传统药用用途，并有助于更好地了解当地的医疗体系。它还使我们能够针对患者的肝损伤和脆弱性，对治疗性植物的适应症进行更精确的调整。在 15 种最有效的植物中，只有 2 种已经被研究过抗肝炎的抗病毒活性，这表明还可以对其余 13 种植物进行新的研究。
