Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York.
Clinical and Research Institute on Addictions and Department of Pediatrics, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
Breastfeed Med. 2020 Apr;15(4):246-253. doi: 10.1089/bfm.2019.0148. Epub 2020 Mar 5.
Breastfeeding is a protective factor for women and children. Women who smoke cigarettes during pregnancy are less likely to initiate or persist in breastfeeding. However, less is known about why this is the case. The present study ( = 247) prospectively examined maternal/child factors that influence breastfeeding in a low-income, racially diverse at-risk sample of smoking and nonsmoking women. Pregnant women were recruited at their first prenatal appointment in an urban hospital and followed through 24-month postnatally. Women reported on the average number of cigarettes smoked/day during pregnancy, psychopathology, breastfeeding behavior, and infant reactivity. Although a greater number of cigarettes smoked/day during pregnancy was associated with a lower likelihood of initiating or persisting in breastfeeding, maternal age, education, and infant reactivity offered predictive utility above and beyond maternal smoking. Smokers were less likely to initiate breastfeeding and breastfed for shorter duration than demographically similar nonsmokers; however, one of the mechanisms for reduced breastfeeding may be the psychosocial factors of younger age and lower education. Further, infant reactivity was also found to reduce the likelihood of initiating and persisting with breastfeeding.
母乳喂养对妇女和儿童都具有保护作用。怀孕期间吸烟的妇女不太可能开始或坚持母乳喂养。然而，为什么会这样的原因还不太清楚。本研究（ = 247）前瞻性地研究了影响吸烟和不吸烟的低收入、种族多样化的高危妇女母乳喂养的母婴因素。孕妇在城市医院的第一次产前预约时被招募，并在产后 24 个月进行随访。女性报告了怀孕期间平均每天吸烟的数量、精神病理学、母乳喂养行为和婴儿反应性。尽管怀孕期间每天吸烟的数量越多，开始或坚持母乳喂养的可能性越低，但母亲的年龄、教育程度和婴儿的反应性提供了超出母亲吸烟的预测效用。与人口统计学上相似的不吸烟者相比，吸烟者不太可能开始母乳喂养，母乳喂养的时间也更短；然而，减少母乳喂养的一个机制可能是年龄较小和教育程度较低的社会心理因素。此外，还发现婴儿反应性降低了开始和坚持母乳喂养的可能性。
