Sun Likun, Han Xiangmin, Li Jianshu, Zhao Zhidong, Liu Yuzhen, Xi Qiming, Guo Xinyu, Gun Shuangbao
College of Animal Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Gansu Provincial Engineering Research Center for Animal Waste Utilization, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China.
Front Microbiol. 2020 Feb 21;11:254. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00254. eCollection 2020.
Overproduction of livestock manure can cause significant environmental challenges. Compost bedding (CB) is considered an effective approach for recycling the agricultural byproducts and improving the welfare of dairy cattle. During the CB preparing, the composition of microbial communities is usually altered; however, the patterns and drivers of CB microbial communities remains to be investigated. The current study aimed to explore the dynamics of bacterial and fungal communities during the various padded stages, using high throughput sequencing technology and qPCR. The relationships across physicochemical parameters, microbial community composition, and abundance were also evaluated. Sequencing results revealed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria, and Firmicutes of bacteria, and Ascomycota of fungi as the major phyla found in CB. qPCR results showed a significant increase in the number of bacterial genome copies from 1.20 × 10 to 3.35 × 10 copies/gram of dry soil, while the number of fungal genome copies significantly increased from 8.43 × 10 to 7.02 × 10 copies/gram of dry soil. Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) showed that Actinobacteria was the primary indicator in raw materials while the phylum Bacteroidetes was in the other padded stages. Dothideomycetes was significantly enriched in the initial stage of fungi, whereas Sordariomycetes, including a pathogen , was the major indicator in CB after 9 days of padding. Mantel test showed that pH significantly influenced bacterial community composition while temperature and total organic carbon (TOC) had a significant effect on fungal community structure. Redundancy analysis indicated that TOC, temperature, and water content had a significant effect on bacterial abundance while total nitrogen, water content, and pH significantly affected fungal abundance. Our finding contributed to the understanding of microbial community succession in CB across different padded stages, and suggests CB management by changing the bedding material every 7 days.
家畜粪便的过度产生会引发重大的环境挑战。堆肥垫料（CB）被认为是一种回收农业副产品和改善奶牛福利的有效方法。在制备CB的过程中，微生物群落的组成通常会发生变化；然而，CB微生物群落的模式和驱动因素仍有待研究。本研究旨在利用高通量测序技术和定量聚合酶链反应（qPCR）探索不同铺垫阶段细菌和真菌群落的动态变化。还评估了物理化学参数、微生物群落组成和丰度之间的关系。测序结果表明，变形菌门、拟杆菌门、放线菌门和厚壁菌门的细菌，以及子囊菌门的真菌是在CB中发现的主要门类。qPCR结果显示，细菌基因组拷贝数从1.20×10显著增加到3.35×10拷贝/克干土，而真菌基因组拷贝数从8.43×10显著增加到7.02×10拷贝/克干土。线性判别分析效应大小（LEfSe）表明，放线菌门是原材料中的主要指标，而拟杆菌门在其他铺垫阶段是主要指标。座囊菌纲在真菌的初始阶段显著富集，而包括一种病原体在内的粪壳菌纲是铺垫9天后CB中的主要指标。Mantel检验表明，pH值显著影响细菌群落组成，而温度和总有机碳（TOC）对真菌群落结构有显著影响。冗余分析表明，TOC、温度和水分含量对细菌丰度有显著影响，而总氮、水分含量和pH值对真菌丰度有显著影响。我们的研究结果有助于理解不同铺垫阶段CB中微生物群落的演替，并建议每7天更换垫料来管理CB。
