Miyoba Nixon, Musowoya Joseph, Mwanza Emily, Malama Angel, Murambiwa Nyati, Ogada Irene, Njobvu Macriveness, Liswaniso Doris
Kitwe Teaching Hospital, Kitwe, Zambia.
Ndola Teaching Hospital, Ndola, Zambia.
BMC Nutr. 2018 Dec 6;4:40. doi: 10.1186/s40795-018-0249-4. eCollection 2018.
Nutritional risk and undernutrition are common problems among medical and surgical patients. In hospital, malnutrition is frequently under-diagnosed and untreated thereby contributing to morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of nutritional risk among adult inpatients at a teaching hospital in Zambia. In addition, the study sought to establish factors associated with nutritional risk.
A hospital-based cross-sectional study comprising of 186 consecutive in-patients aged 18-64 years admitted in medical and surgical wards was conducted at a teaching hospital. Out of one hundred and ninety eight (198) patients eligible to participate, complete data were collected from 186, representing a response rate of 93.9%. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool was used to collect data over a period of six months. Evaluated patients were dichotomized into no risk and nutritional risk. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify variables associated with nutritional risk.
The mean age of adult in-patients was 40.72 ± 14.4 years. Majority of the patients were male (61.8%), while 38.2% were female. Results indicate that 59.7% of hospitalized patients were at nutritional risk. Vomiting, weakness, appetite decrease, dysphagia and weight loss were significantly associated ( = 0.019, = 0.008, < 0.001, = 0.007, and < 0.001 respectively) with nutritional risk. However, weight loss and appetite decrease were the most significant factors associated with nutritional risk (OR = 50.16, 95% CI = 5.75-36.70, < 0.001 and OR = 28.06, 95% CI =1.49-8.12, = < 0.001 respectively).
Findings of our study suggest that close to 60% of adult inpatients at the teaching hospital were at nutritional risk. Nutritional risk is an issue of major concern at the teaching hospital and is associated with a number of variables. Identification of nutritional risk using Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool among adult inpatients is feasible in resource-poor settings like ours.
营养风险和营养不良是内科及外科患者中常见的问题。在医院中，营养不良常常未得到充分诊断和治疗，从而导致发病率和死亡率上升。本研究的目的是确定赞比亚一家教学医院成年住院患者的营养风险患病率。此外，该研究还试图找出与营养风险相关的因素。
在一家教学医院开展了一项基于医院的横断面研究，研究对象为内科和外科病房连续收治的186例年龄在18 - 64岁的住院患者。在198例符合参与条件的患者中，收集到了186例患者的完整数据，应答率为93.9%。使用营养不良通用筛查工具在六个月的时间内收集数据。将评估的患者分为无风险和有营养风险两类。进行二元逻辑回归以确定与营养风险相关的变量。
成年住院患者的平均年龄为40.72±14.4岁。大多数患者为男性（61.8%），女性占38.2%。结果表明，59.7%的住院患者存在营养风险。呕吐、虚弱、食欲减退、吞咽困难和体重减轻与营养风险显著相关（分别为P = 0.019、P = 0.008、P < 0.001、P = 0.007和P < 0.001）。然而，体重减轻和食欲减退是与营养风险最显著相关的因素（OR = 50.16，95% CI = 5.75 - 36.70，P < 0.001；OR = 28.06，95% CI = 1.49 - 8.12，P < 0.001）。
我们的研究结果表明，这家教学医院近60%的成年住院患者存在营养风险。营养风险是该教学医院主要关注的问题，并且与多个变量相关。在我们这样资源匮乏的环境中，使用营养不良通用筛查工具对成年住院患者进行营养风险识别是可行的。
