Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.
Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital, P.O. Box 95, Blantyre, Malawi.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 1;13(4):1170. doi: 10.3390/nu13041170.
In low-income countries there are few data on hospital malnutrition. Reduced food intake combined with nutrient-poor foods served in hospitals contribute to nutritional risk. This study investigated whether reported dietary intake and disease state of hospitalized adults in critical care units was related to malnutrition determined by mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC). Adult in-patients ( = 126) in tuberculosis, burn, oncology, and intensive care units in two public tertiary hospitals in Malawi were screened for nutritional status using MUAC and a question on current dietary intake. The hospital menu was reviewed; portion sizes were weighed. The prevalence of moderate and severe malnutrition was 62%. Patients with organ-related diseases and infectious diseases had the highest rates of reduced reported dietary intake, 71.4% and 57.9%, respectively; however, there was no association between reported dietary intake and MUAC. In those unable to eat, however, the rate of severe malnutrition was 50%. The menu consisted of porridge and thickened corn-based starch with fried cabbage; protein foods were provided twice weekly. There was a nutrient gap of 250 calories and 13 gm protein daily. The findings support the need for increasing dietetic/nutrition services to prevent and treat malnutrition in hospitals using simple screening tools.
在低收入国家，有关医院营养不良的数据很少。食物摄入量减少加上医院提供的营养贫乏的食物会导致营养风险。本研究调查了重症监护病房住院成人的报告饮食摄入和疾病状况是否与通过上臂中部周长（MAC）确定的营养不良有关。在马拉维的两家公立三级医院的结核病、烧伤、肿瘤和重症监护病房，对住院患者（=126 人）进行了 MAC 和当前饮食摄入问题的营养状况筛查。审查了医院的菜单；称重了份量。中度和重度营养不良的患病率为 62%。与器官相关的疾病和传染病患者的报告饮食摄入减少率最高，分别为 71.4%和 57.9%；然而，报告饮食摄入与 MAC 之间没有关联。对于那些无法进食的患者，严重营养不良的发生率为 50%。菜单包括粥和稠化玉米淀粉以及炒白菜；每周提供两次蛋白质食物。每日存在 250 卡路里和 13 克蛋白质的营养缺口。这些发现支持在医院使用简单的筛查工具增加饮食/营养服务以预防和治疗营养不良的必要性。
