Boulestreau Jérémy, Maumus Marie, Rozier Pauline, Jorgensen Christian, Noël Danièle
Institute of Regenerative Medicine and Biotherapies (IRMB), University of Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, France.
Clinical Immunology and Osteoarticular Diseases Therapeutic Unit, Department of Rheumatology, CHU, Montpellier, France.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2020 Feb 21;8:107. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2020.00107. eCollection 2020.
Aging is associated with high prevalence of chronic degenerative diseases that take a large part of the increasing burden of morbidities in a growing demographic of elderly people. Aging is a complex process that involves cell autonomous and cell non-autonomous mechanisms where senescence plays an important role. Senescence is characterized by the loss of proliferative potential, resistance to cell death by apoptosis and expression of a senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). SASP includes pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, tissue-damaging proteases, growth factors; all contributing to tissue microenvironment alteration and loss of tissue homeostasis. Emerging evidence suggests that the changes in the number and composition of extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by senescent cells contribute to the adverse effects of senescence in aging. In addition, age-related alterations in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have been associated to dysregulated functions. The loss of functional stem cells necessary to maintain tissue homeostasis likely directly contributes to aging. In this review, we will focus on the characteristics and role of EVs isolated from senescent MSCs, the potential effect of MSC-derived EVs in aging and discuss their therapeutic potential to improve age-related diseases.
衰老与慢性退行性疾病的高患病率相关，在老年人口不断增长的情况下，这些疾病在日益增加的发病负担中占了很大一部分。衰老是一个复杂的过程，涉及细胞自主和细胞非自主机制，其中衰老起着重要作用。衰老的特征是增殖潜能丧失、对凋亡导致的细胞死亡具有抗性以及衰老相关分泌表型（SASP）的表达。SASP包括促炎细胞因子和趋化因子、组织损伤蛋白酶、生长因子；所有这些都导致组织微环境改变和组织稳态丧失。新出现的证据表明，衰老细胞释放的细胞外囊泡（EVs）数量和组成的变化促成了衰老在老化过程中的不利影响。此外，间充质干/基质细胞（MSCs）与年龄相关的改变与功能失调有关。维持组织稳态所需的功能性干细胞的丧失可能直接导致衰老。在这篇综述中，我们将重点关注从衰老的MSCs中分离出的EVs的特征和作用、MSC衍生的EVs在衰老中的潜在影响，并讨论它们改善与年龄相关疾病的治疗潜力。
