Department of Psychiatry, Department of Anatomy & Neurosciences, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Hum Brain Mapp. 2022 Jan;43(1):23-36. doi: 10.1002/hbm.24972. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
Neuroimaging has played an important part in advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). At the same time, neuroimaging studies of OCD have had notable limitations, including reliance on relatively small samples. International collaborative efforts to increase statistical power by combining samples from across sites have been bolstered by the ENIGMA consortium; this provides specific technical expertise for conducting multi-site analyses, as well as access to a collaborative community of neuroimaging scientists. In this article, we outline the background to, development of, and initial findings from ENIGMA's OCD working group, which currently consists of 47 samples from 34 institutes in 15 countries on 5 continents, with a total sample of 2,323 OCD patients and 2,325 healthy controls. Initial work has focused on studies of cortical thickness and subcortical volumes, structural connectivity, and brain lateralization in children, adolescents and adults with OCD, also including the study on the commonalities and distinctions across different neurodevelopment disorders. Additional work is ongoing, employing machine learning techniques. Findings to date have contributed to the development of neurobiological models of OCD, have provided an important model of global scientific collaboration, and have had a number of clinical implications. Importantly, our work has shed new light on questions about whether structural and functional alterations found in OCD reflect neurodevelopmental changes, effects of the disease process, or medication impacts. We conclude with a summary of ongoing work by ENIGMA-OCD, and a consideration of future directions for neuroimaging research on OCD within and beyond ENIGMA.
神经影像学在推进我们对强迫症（OCD）神经生物学的理解方面发挥了重要作用。与此同时，OCD 的神经影像学研究也存在显著的局限性，包括依赖于相对较小的样本。国际合作努力通过整合来自不同地点的样本来增加统计能力，这得到了 ENIGMA 联盟的支持；该联盟为进行多地点分析提供了特定的技术专业知识，以及访问神经影像学科学家协作社区的机会。在本文中，我们概述了 ENIGMA 的 OCD 工作组的背景、发展和初步发现，该工作组目前由来自 5 大洲 15 个国家的 34 个研究所的 47 个样本组成，共有 2323 名 OCD 患者和 2325 名健康对照。初步工作集中在 OCD 儿童、青少年和成年人的皮质厚度和皮质下体积、结构连接和大脑偏侧性的研究上，也包括不同神经发育障碍之间的共性和区别的研究。正在进行其他工作，包括使用机器学习技术。迄今为止的研究结果为 OCD 的神经生物学模型的发展做出了贡献，提供了一个重要的全球科学合作模型，并产生了一些临床意义。重要的是，我们的工作为 OCD 中发现的结构和功能改变是否反映神经发育变化、疾病过程的影响或药物影响等问题提供了新的线索。最后，我们总结了 ENIGMA-OCD 的正在进行的工作，并考虑了在 ENIGMA 内外进行 OCD 神经影像学研究的未来方向。
