Ogra Pearay L
Department of Pediatrics, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA,
Nestle Nutr Inst Workshop Ser. 2020;94:11-26. doi: 10.1159/000505211. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The development of the mammary glands and the process of lactation is an integral component of mammalian evolution, and suckling has been essential for the survival of the neonates of most mammalian species. The colostrum and milk, the major products of lactation, contain a wealth of biologically active products derived from the immunologic and microbiological experiences in the maternal circulation and in the maternal mucosal surfaces. These include major immunoglobulin isotypes in the maternal circulation, secretory IgA, a variety of soluble proteins, casein, nutritional components, hormones, a large number of cellular elements and their secreted functional products (cytokines and chemokines), several peptides, lipids, polysaccharides and oligosaccharides, and a diverse spectrum of microorganisms. During the past few decades, significant new information has become available about the evolutionary biology of mammalian lactation, the functional characterization of antibody and cellular immunologic products, the role of oligosaccharides and other proteins and peptides, and about the distribution and biologic functions of the microbiome observed in human products of lactation. This workshop explores this information in some detail in a series of presentations. A brief overview of the earlier observations on the immunologic aspects of lactation is presented here, and detailed reviews of more recent observations are reported in subsequent presentations in this workshop.
乳腺的发育和泌乳过程是哺乳动物进化的一个重要组成部分，而哺乳对于大多数哺乳动物物种新生儿的存活至关重要。初乳和乳汁是泌乳的主要产物，含有大量源自母体循环和母体黏膜表面免疫及微生物经历的生物活性产物。这些产物包括母体循环中的主要免疫球蛋白同种型、分泌型IgA、多种可溶性蛋白质、酪蛋白、营养成分、激素、大量细胞成分及其分泌的功能产物（细胞因子和趋化因子）、多种肽、脂质、多糖和寡糖，以及种类繁多的微生物。在过去几十年里，关于哺乳动物泌乳的进化生物学、抗体和细胞免疫产物的功能特性、寡糖及其他蛋白质和肽的作用，以及在人类乳汁中观察到的微生物群落的分布和生物学功能，已有大量新信息问世。本次研讨会通过一系列报告对这些信息进行了较为详细的探讨。这里简要概述了早期关于泌乳免疫学方面的观察结果，本研讨会后续报告中将对近期观察结果进行详细综述。
