Unit of Biostatistics and Research Methodology, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian 16150, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Community and Family Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universiti Malaysia Sabah 88400, Kota Kinabalu, Malaysia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Mar 6;17(5):1736. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17051736.
Sports courage is one of the most important attributes to help competitive athletes overcome anxiety, nervousness, and other psychological obstacles, but this field of study is still being overlooked by most athletes and coaches. The purpose of this study is to validate the Malay language version of the Sports Courage Scale (SCS-M) for Silat athletes using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Data were collected during 9th UPSI International Pencak Silat Championship in Malaysia. A total of 258 competitors (male = 66.7%, female = 33.3%), with a mean age of 18 years (SD = 2.6), volunteered to participate in this study. The original SCS with 50 items underwent forward and backward translations into the Malay language and was pre-tested with ten martial arts athletes. Then, Silat athletes were asked to complete the translated SCS-M questionnaire. There were five factors in the SCS-M (i.e., mastery, determination, assertiveness, venturesome, and self-sacrificial behaviour). The first hypothesised model with 50 items did not result in a good fit to the data (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.93, NFI = 0.87, NNFI = 0.93, RMR = 0.14, SRMR = 0.09). A total of 17 problematic items were identified and were removed iteratively. The final measurement model with 33 items fit the data well (RMSEA = 0.06, CFI = 0.94, NFI = 0.89, NNFI = 0.94, RMR = 0.05, SRMR = 0.07). The reliability of each subscale based on Cronbach's alpha ranged from 0.64 to 0.76. The convergent and discriminant validities were achieved for the final measurement model. The revised version of SCS-M with 33 items was considered valid and reliable for measuring the sports courage in Silat athletes in Malaysia.
运动勇气是帮助竞技运动员克服焦虑、紧张和其他心理障碍的最重要属性之一，但这一研究领域仍被大多数运动员和教练所忽视。本研究旨在使用验证性因素分析（CFA）验证马来语版运动勇气量表（SCS-M）在 Silat 运动员中的适用性。数据采集于马来西亚第九届 UPSI 国际武术锦标赛期间。共有 258 名运动员（男性占 66.7%，女性占 33.3%），平均年龄为 18 岁（SD=2.6），自愿参加了这项研究。原始的 SCS 有 50 个项目，经过正向和反向翻译为马来语，并在 10 名武术运动员中进行了预测试。然后，Silat 运动员被要求完成翻译后的 SCS-M 问卷。SCS-M 有五个因素（即掌握、决心、果断、冒险和自我牺牲行为）。最初假设的 50 个项目模型并没有很好地适用于数据（RMSEA=0.06，CFI=0.93，NFI=0.87，NNFI=0.93，RMR=0.14，SRMR=0.09）。确定了 17 个有问题的项目，并进行了迭代删除。最终的 33 个项目测量模型很好地适用于数据（RMSEA=0.06，CFI=0.94，NFI=0.89，NNFI=0.94，RMR=0.05，SRMR=0.07）。基于 Cronbach's alpha 的每个子量表的可靠性范围为 0.64 至 0.76。最终测量模型实现了收敛和区分效度。修订后的 SCS-M 有 33 个项目，可用于衡量马来西亚 Silat 运动员的运动勇气，具有良好的信度和效度。
