Cardiff University Brain Research Imaging Centre (CUBRIC), School of Psychology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
Nat Rev Neurosci. 2020 Apr;21(4):231-242. doi: 10.1038/s41583-020-0275-5. Epub 2020 Mar 10.
The idea that predictions shape how we perceive and comprehend the world has become increasingly influential in the field of systems neuroscience. It also forms an important framework for understanding neuropsychiatric disorders, which are proposed to be the result of disturbances in the mechanisms through which prior information influences perception and belief, leading to the production of suboptimal models of the world. There is a widespread tendency to conceptualize the influence of predictions exclusively in terms of 'top-down' processes, whereby predictions generated in higher-level areas exert their influence on lower-level areas within an information processing hierarchy. However, this excludes from consideration the predictive information embedded in the 'bottom-up' stream of information processing. We describe evidence for the importance of this distinction and argue that it is critical for the development of the predictive processing framework and, ultimately, for an understanding of the perturbations that drive the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms and experiences.
预测如何塑造我们感知和理解世界的观念在系统神经科学领域变得越来越有影响力。它也是理解神经精神疾病的一个重要框架，这些疾病被认为是先前信息影响感知和信念的机制发生干扰的结果，导致产生次优的世界模型。人们普遍倾向于将预测的影响完全概念化为“自上而下”的过程，即较高层次的区域中产生的预测对信息处理层次结构中的较低层次区域施加影响。然而，这排除了对“自下而上”信息流中嵌入的预测信息的考虑。我们描述了这一区别的重要性的证据，并认为这对于预测处理框架的发展至关重要，最终对于理解驱动神经精神症状和体验出现的扰动至关重要。
