Selenium Nanoparticles and Spirulina Alleviate Growth Performance, Hemato-Biochemical, Immune-Related Genes, and Heat Shock Protein in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

The present investigation aimed to evaluate the influence of selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) or/and spirulina (SP) on the growth, immunity, and oxidation resistance of Nile tilapia. Four groups of fish fed diets with Se-NPs or/and SP at 0 g (control), 1 g SP/kg diet (SP), 1 mg Se-NPs/kg diet (Se-NPs), and 1 g SP + 1 mg Se-NPs/kg diet (SP/Se-NPs) for 60 days. Fish fed Se-NPs or/and SP displayed significantly improved weight gain (WG) and decreased feed conversion ratio (P < 0.05). The highest WG has observed in fish fed both Se-NPs and SP, while the specific growth rate was improved by feeding Se-NPs only or both Se-NPs and SP (P < 0.05). Blood albumin was increased significantly with Se-NPs with regard to the control (P < 0.05), while there were no significant differences between fish fed Se-NPs or/and SP. Blood total protein also was improved by feeding Se-NPs only or both Se-NPs and SP (P < 0.05). Further, blood immunoglobulin M was increased by feeding both Se-NPs and SP (P < 0.05), while the differences were insignificantly differing with fish fed only Se-NPs (P > 0.05). The transcription of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) genes was upregulated significantly by Se-NPs or/and SP (P < 0.05). Interestingly, TNF-α was significantly upregulated by SP when compared to those fed Se-NPs only or both Se-NPs and SP. However, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene transcription was downregulated by Se-NPs or/and SP (P < 0.05). Based on the measured parameters, the mixture of both Se-NPs and SP is highly recommended for the welfare of Nile tilapia.