Department of Medical Imaging, St Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
Can Assoc Radiol J. 2020 Aug;71(3):396-402. doi: 10.1177/0846537120906482. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
The use of diagnostic imaging studies in the emergency setting has increased dramatically over the past couple of decades. The emergency imaging of pregnant and lactating patients poses unique challenges and calls upon the crucial role of radiologists as consultants to the referring physician to guide appropriate use of imaging tests, minimize risk, ensure timely management, and occasionally alleviate unwarranted trepidation. A clear understanding of the risks and benefits involved with various imaging tests in this patient population is vital to achieve this. This review discusses the different safety and appropriateness issues that could arise with the use of ionizing radiation, iodinated-, and gadolinium-based contrast media and radiopharmaceuticals in pregnant and lactating patients. Special considerations such as trauma imaging, safety concerns with magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound, management of claustrophobia, contrast extravasation, and allergic reactions are also reviewed. The consent process for these examinations has also been described.
在过去的几十年中，诊断性影像学检查在急诊环境中的应用显著增加。对妊娠和哺乳期患者进行急诊影像学检查带来了独特的挑战，这需要放射科医生作为顾问，为转诊医生提供指导，以合理使用影像学检查，降低风险，确保及时管理，并在必要时减轻不必要的恐慌。为了实现这一目标，必须清楚地了解各种影像学检查在该患者群体中的风险和益处。这篇综述讨论了在妊娠和哺乳期患者中使用电离辐射、碘基和钆基造影剂和放射性药物可能出现的不同安全性和适当性问题。还回顾了特殊情况，如创伤影像学、磁共振成像和超声检查的安全性问题、幽闭恐惧症的管理、造影剂外渗和过敏反应。还描述了这些检查的同意过程。
