Integrated Studies in Land and Food Systems, Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
College of Social and Applied Human Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, Canada.
Public Health Nutr. 2020 Jun;23(8):1460-1471. doi: 10.1017/S1368980019003987. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
To identify key school-level contexts and mechanisms associated with implementing a provincial school food and beverage policy.
Realist evaluation. Data collection included semi-structured interviews (n 23), structured questionnaires (n 62), participant observation at public events (n 3) and scans of school, school district and health authority websites (n 67). The realist heuristic, context + mechanism → outcome configuration was used to conduct the analysis.
Public schools in five British Columbia (BC), Canada school districts.
Provincial and regional health and education staff, private food vendors and school-level stakeholders.
We identified four mechanisms influencing the implementation of BC's school food and beverage sales policy. First, the mandatory nature of the policy triggered some actors' implementation efforts, influenced by their normative acceptance of the educational governance system. Second, some expected implementers had an opposite response to the mandate where they ignored or 'skirted' the policy, influenced by values and beliefs about the role of government and school food. A third mechanism related to economics demonstrated ways vendors' responses to school demand for compliance with nutritional Guidelines were mediated by beliefs about food preferences of children, health and food. The last mechanism demonstrated how resource constraints and lack of capacity led otherwise motivated stakeholders to not implement the mandatory policy.
Implementation of the food and beverage sales policy at the school level is shaped by interactions between administrators, staff, parent volunteers and vendors with contextual factors such as varied motivations, responsibilities and capacities.
确定与实施省级学校食品和饮料政策相关的关键学校层面的背景和机制。
现实主义评估。数据收集包括半结构化访谈（n=23）、结构化问卷（n=62）、公共活动中的参与观察（n=3）以及学校、学区和卫生当局网站的扫描（n=67）。使用现实启发式方法，即背景+机制→结果配置，进行分析。
加拿大不列颠哥伦比亚省五个学区的公立学校。
省级和地区卫生及教育人员、私人食品供应商以及学校层面的利益相关者。
我们确定了影响不列颠哥伦比亚省学校食品和饮料销售政策实施的四个机制。首先，政策的强制性触发了一些行为者的实施努力，这受到他们对教育治理体系的规范性接受的影响。其次，一些预期的执行者对该命令有相反的反应，他们无视或“规避”了该政策，这受到他们对政府和学校食品角色的价值观和信仰的影响。第三个与经济相关的机制表明，供应商对学校遵守营养指南的需求的反应方式受到他们对儿童食物偏好、健康和食品的信念的影响。最后一个机制表明，资源限制和能力不足如何导致原本有动力的利益相关者不实施强制性政策。
学校层面的食品和饮料销售政策的实施是由管理人员、工作人员、家长志愿者和供应商与环境因素相互作用形成的，这些环境因素包括不同的动机、责任和能力。
