南非不同农业生态区社区山羊胃肠道寄生虫的流行情况。
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in communal goats from different agro-ecological zones of South Africa.
作者信息
Mpofu Takalani J, Nephawe Khathutshelo A, Mtileni Bohani
机构信息
Department of Animal Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.
出版信息
Vet World. 2020 Jan;13(1):26-32. doi: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.26-32. Epub 2020 Jan 4.
AIM
A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the epidemiology of common gastrointestinal parasite (GIP) infections affecting goats in South Africa as influenced by agro-ecological zone (AEZ), sampling season, and the age and sex of animals.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 288 goats (101 male and 187 female) were randomly sampled during winter and summer in areas representing four AEZs (arid: 80; semi-arid: 76; humid: 62; and dry sub-humid: 70) of South Africa. Fecal samples from each animal were collected from the rectum, and the presence of GIP eggs was determined using a modified McMaster technique. A sample was considered positive when a minimum of one GIP egg was detected under the microscope. Fecal cultures were prepared, and infective larvae were collected and identified. The data were analyzed by MiniTab17 (2017) using the FREQ procedure, and the association between the independent factors and the prevalence of various GIPs were evaluated using the Pearson Chi-square test (p<0.05).
RESULTS
The overall prevalence of GIP in the present study was 37.1%, with a mean prevalence of 30.0, 26.4, 31.1, 36.6, and 59.6% for spp., , , spp., and strongyles, respectively. There was a significant (p<0.05) association between the prevalence of strongyles, , spp., and AEZs, whereas an insignificant (p>0.05) association was observed for the prevalence of spp. and . A significant (p<0.05) association between goat age and prevalence of all GIPs was observed, where the prevalence was higher in young goats, followed by adults, and then by suckling goats. The prevalence of various GIPs was similar between male and female goats. The percentage of infection with spp., , , and strongyle parasitic infections was marginally higher in males than in females, whereas that of the spp. was higher in females. A significant (p<0.05) association between the prevalence of spp. and sampling season was observed, and there was an insignificant (p>0.05) association between the other GIPs and sampling season. The prevalence of spp. infection was higher in winter (34.0%) than in summer (26.0%).
CONCLUSION
AEZs and goat age are the most important risk factors influencing GIP infections in South African communal goats. These epidemiological parameters are important for outlining effective parasite control management systems against these GIPs in goats.
目的
开展一项纵向研究，以评估受农业生态区（AEZ）、采样季节以及动物年龄和性别影响的南非山羊常见胃肠道寄生虫（GIP）感染的流行病学情况。
材料与方法
在代表南非四个农业生态区（干旱区：80只；半干旱区：76只；湿润区：62只；干燥亚湿润区：70只）的地区，于冬季和夏季共随机抽取288只山羊（101只雄性和187只雌性）。从每只动物的直肠采集粪便样本，采用改良麦克马斯特技术测定GIP虫卵的存在情况。在显微镜下检测到至少一个GIP虫卵时，样本被视为阳性。制备粪便培养物，收集并鉴定感染性幼虫。使用MiniTab17（2017）通过FREQ程序分析数据，并使用Pearson卡方检验（p<0.05）评估独立因素与各种GIP流行率之间的关联。
结果
本研究中GIP的总体流行率为37.1%，其中 属、 属、 属、 属和圆线虫的平均流行率分别为30.0%、26.4%、31.1%、36.6%和59.6%。圆线虫、 属和 属的流行率与农业生态区之间存在显著（p<0.05）关联，而 属和 的流行率之间观察到无显著（p>0.05）关联。观察到山羊年龄与所有GIP的流行率之间存在显著（p<0.05）关联，其中幼山羊的流行率较高，其次是成年山羊，然后是哺乳山羊。雄性和雌性山羊中各种GIP的流行率相似。 属、 属、 属和圆线虫寄生虫感染的感染率在雄性中略高于雌性，而 属的感染率在雌性中较高。观察到 属的流行率与采样季节之间存在显著（p<0.05）关联，而其他GIP与采样季节之间存在无显著（p>0.05）关联。冬季（34.0%） 属感染的流行率高于夏季（26.0%）。
结论
农业生态区和山羊年龄是影响南非社区山羊GIP感染的最重要风险因素。这些流行病学参数对于制定针对山羊这些GIP的有效寄生虫控制管理系统很重要。
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