Asarnow J R, Bates S
Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA School of Medicine 90024.
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1988 Dec;16(6):601-15. doi: 10.1007/BF00913472.
Cognitive and learned helplessness models of depression view maladaptive cognitive and attributional patterns as core features of depressive disorders. This study examined cognitive and attributional patterns in depressed children, nondepressed children, and a subgroup of remitting depressives who had histories of depression but were not reporting depressive symptoms when evaluated during the first 2 weeks of hospitalization. When compared with nondepressed controls, depressed children reported significantly more hopelessness, more negative self-perceptions, and negative self-perceptions across a wider variety of domains, and they displayed more dysfunctional attributional styles. While 55% of depressed children displayed pervasive maladaptive cognitive patterns, the other 45% of depressed children scored more similarly to nondepressed children, suggesting that childhood depressive disorders may be heterogeneous with respect to cognitive patterns. Contrary to the notion of traitlike depressive cognitive and attributional patterns that persist after the remission of depressive episodes, children with remitting depressions scored similarly to nondepressed children.
抑郁症的认知和习得性无助模型将适应不良的认知和归因模式视为抑郁症的核心特征。本研究考察了抑郁儿童、非抑郁儿童以及一组缓解期抑郁症患者的认知和归因模式，这些缓解期抑郁症患者有抑郁症病史，但在住院的前两周接受评估时未报告抑郁症状。与非抑郁对照组相比，抑郁儿童报告的绝望感明显更多，消极自我认知更多，且在更广泛的领域存在消极自我认知，并且他们表现出更多功能失调的归因方式。虽然55%的抑郁儿童表现出普遍的适应不良认知模式，但另外45%的抑郁儿童得分与非抑郁儿童更为相似，这表明儿童抑郁症在认知模式方面可能是异质性的。与抑郁发作缓解后持续存在的特质性抑郁认知和归因模式的观点相反，缓解期抑郁症儿童的得分与非抑郁儿童相似。
