General and Molecular Botany, Ruhr-University Bochum, 44780, Bochum, Germany.
Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Department of Genetics of Eukaryotic Microorganisms, Georg-August University, Göttingen, Germany.
Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2020 May;104(9):3691-3704. doi: 10.1007/s00253-020-10504-3. Epub 2020 Mar 11.
Fruiting bodies are among the most complex multicellular structures formed by fungi, and the molecular mechanisms that regulate their development are far from understood. However, studies with a number of fungal model organisms have started to shed light on this developmental process. One of these model organisms is Sordaria macrospora, a filamentous ascomycete from the order Sordariales. This fungus has been a genetic model organism since the 1950s, but its career as a model organism for molecular genetics really took off in the 1990s, when the establishment of a transformation protocol, a mutant collection, and an indexed cosmid library provided the methods and resources to start revealing the molecular mechanisms of fruiting body development. In the 2000s, "omics" methods were added to the S. macrospora tool box, and by 2020, 58 developmental genes have been identified in this fungus. This review gives a brief overview of major method developments for S. macrospora, and then focuses on recent results characterizing different processes involved in regulating development including several regulatory protein complexes, autophagy, transcriptional and chromatin regulation, and RNA editing. KEY POINTS: •Sordaria macrospora is a model system for analyzing fungal fruiting body development. •More than 100 developmental mutants are available for S. macrospora. •More than 50 developmental genes have been characterized in S. macrospora.
子实体是真菌形成的最复杂的多细胞结构之一，调控其发育的分子机制还远未被理解。然而，对一些真菌模式生物的研究已经开始揭示这个发育过程。这些模式生物之一是 Sordaria macrospora，一种来自 Sordariales 目的丝状子囊菌。自 20 世纪 50 年代以来，这种真菌一直是遗传模式生物，但直到 20 世纪 90 年代，当建立转化方案、突变体集合和索引 cosmid 文库为揭示子实体发育的分子机制提供了方法和资源时，它才真正成为分子遗传学的模式生物。在 21 世纪 00 年代，“组学”方法被添加到 S. macrospora 工具包中，到 2020 年，这种真菌已经鉴定出 58 个发育基因。本文简要概述了 S. macrospora 的主要方法发展，然后重点介绍了最近在调控发育过程中不同过程的特征，包括几个调节蛋白复合物、自噬、转录和染色质调控以及 RNA 编辑。要点：•Sordaria macrospora 是分析真菌子实体发育的模式系统。•S. macrospora 有 100 多个发育突变体。•S. macrospora 有 50 多个发育基因得到了表征。
