Department of Molecular and Cellular Botany, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 2022 Dec 21;86(4):e0010422. doi: 10.1128/mmbr.00104-22. Epub 2022 Nov 21.
Fungal fruiting bodies are complex, three-dimensional structures that arise from a less complex vegetative mycelium. Their formation requires the coordinated action of many genes and their gene products, and fruiting body formation is accompanied by major changes in the transcriptome. In recent years, numerous transcription factor genes as well as chromatin modifier genes that play a role in fruiting body morphogenesis were identified, and through research on several model organisms, the underlying regulatory networks that integrate chromatin structure, gene expression, and cell differentiation are becoming clearer. This review gives a summary of the current state of research on the role of transcriptional control and chromatin structure in fruiting body development. In the first part, insights from transcriptomics analyses are described, with a focus on comparative transcriptomics. In the second part, examples of more detailed functional characterizations of the role of chromatin modifiers and/or transcription factors in several model organisms (Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus nidulans, Sordaria macrospora, Coprinopsis cinerea, and Schizophyllum commune) that have led to a better understanding of regulatory networks at the level of chromatin structure and transcription are discussed.
真菌的子实体是一种复杂的三维结构，由相对简单的营养菌丝体发育而来。子实体的形成需要许多基因及其基因产物的协调作用，并且伴随着转录组的重大变化。近年来，许多参与子实体形态发生的转录因子基因和染色质修饰基因被鉴定出来，通过对几种模式生物的研究，整合染色质结构、基因表达和细胞分化的调控网络变得更加清晰。本文综述了转录调控和染色质结构在子实体发育中的作用的研究现状。第一部分描述了转录组学分析的见解，重点是比较转录组学。第二部分讨论了在几种模式生物（粗糙脉孢菌、构巢曲霉、大秃马勃、双孢蘑菇和栓菌）中对染色质修饰因子和/或转录因子作用的更详细的功能特征的实例，这些实例有助于更好地理解在染色质结构和转录水平上的调控网络。
