Process Engineering Department, Amirkabir University, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Golestan University, Aliabad Katool, Iran.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2022 Dec;29(56):85350-85363. doi: 10.1007/s11356-022-20794-x. Epub 2022 Jul 6.
Economic development is associated with higher energy consumption, which has a direct impact on climate change. As a result, today's growth policies should also align with environmental sustainability goals. Although socioeconomic variables related to air pollution have been extensively studied in previous studies, little research has examined their long- and short-term effects. This study aimed to investigate the long-run and short-run relationship between carbon dioxide (CO) emissions, energy consumption, especially gas as a clean fuel, foreign direct investments (FDI), and gross domestic product (GDP) using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model in Iran during the period of 40 years. The estimation results indicated the validity of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for Iran. Moreover, empirical findings illustrate that the impact of financial growth on CO emissions, in the long run, is U-shaped in Iran. The reliance on gas as a fuel for the country led to a reduction of the carbon and ecological footprints in a short time compared to other polluting fuels. Further, our empirical results indicate that economic growth and foreign direct investment contribute to reducing pollutant and carbon emissions in Iran over long and short periods. According to the empirical findings, important energy policy recommendations are offered.
经济发展伴随着更高的能源消耗，这对气候变化有直接影响。因此，如今的增长政策也应与环境可持续性目标相一致。尽管先前的研究已经广泛研究了与空气污染相关的社会经济变量，但很少有研究考察它们的长期和短期影响。本研究旨在使用自回归分布滞后（ARDL）模型，在伊朗 40 年期间，调查二氧化碳（CO）排放、能源消耗（特别是作为清洁能源的天然气）、外国直接投资（FDI）与国内生产总值（GDP）之间的长期和短期关系。估计结果表明，伊朗的环境库兹涅茨曲线（EKC）假说成立。此外，实证结果表明，在伊朗，金融增长对 CO 排放的影响在长期来看呈 U 型。依赖天然气作为燃料，在短期内减少了碳和生态足迹，而与其他污染性燃料相比。此外，我们的实证结果表明，经济增长和外国直接投资有助于减少伊朗长期和短期的污染物和碳排放。根据实证结果，提出了重要的能源政策建议。
