Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Sapienza University, Laboratory affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia - Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy.
Nutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Bordeaux University, Bordeaux, France.
Compr Physiol. 2020 Mar 12;10(2):687-712. doi: 10.1002/cphy.c190022.
Sleep is a naturally occurring physiological state that is required to sustain physical and mental health. Traditionally viewed as strictly regulated by top-down control mechanisms, sleep is now known to also originate locally. Glial cells are emerging as important contributors to the regulation of sleep-wake cycles, locally and among dedicated neural circuits. A few pioneering studies revealed that astrocytes and microglia may influence sleep pressure, duration as well as intensity, but the precise involvement of these two glial cells in the regulation of sleep remains to be fully addressed, across contexts of health and disease. In this overview article, we will first summarize the literature pertaining to the role of astrocytes and microglia in the regulation of sleep under normal physiological conditions. Afterward, we will discuss the beneficial and deleterious consequences of glia-mediated neuroinflammation, whether it is acute, or chronic and associated with brain diseases, on the regulation of sleep. Sleep disturbances are a main comorbidity in neurodegenerative diseases, and in several brain diseases that include pain, epilepsy, and cancer. Identifying the relationships between glia-mediated neuroinflammation, sleep-wake rhythm disruption and brain diseases may have important implications for the treatment of several disorders. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:687-712, 2020.
睡眠是一种自然发生的生理状态，是维持身心健康所必需的。传统上认为睡眠是由自上而下的控制机制严格调节的，但现在人们已经知道，睡眠也起源于局部。神经胶质细胞作为调节睡眠-觉醒周期的重要参与者，无论是在局部还是在特定的神经回路中，都发挥着重要作用。一些开创性的研究表明，星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞可能影响睡眠压力、持续时间和强度，但这两种神经胶质细胞在调节睡眠中的精确作用仍有待在健康和疾病的各种情况下得到充分解决。在这篇综述文章中，我们首先将总结有关星形胶质细胞和小胶质细胞在正常生理条件下调节睡眠的文献。之后，我们将讨论神经胶质细胞介导的神经炎症在调节睡眠中的有益和有害后果，无论是急性的还是慢性的，以及与脑部疾病相关的神经炎症在调节睡眠中的有益和有害后果。睡眠障碍是神经退行性疾病和几种脑部疾病（包括疼痛、癫痫和癌症）的主要合并症。确定神经胶质细胞介导的神经炎症、睡眠-觉醒节律紊乱与脑部疾病之间的关系，可能对治疗多种疾病具有重要意义。美国生理学会。《综合生理学》10:687-712,2020.
