Gudkov Sergey V, Burmistrov Dmitriy E, Kondakova Elena V, Sarimov Ruslan M, Yarkov Roman S, Franceschi Claudio, Vedunova Maria V
Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia; Institute of Biology and Biomedicine, Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, 23 Gagarin ave., 603022 Nizhny Novgorod, Russia.
Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 38 Vavilov str., 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Ageing Res Rev. 2023 Jan;83:101775. doi: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101775. Epub 2022 Nov 2.
Understanding the role of astrocytes in the central nervous system has changed dramatically over the last decade. The accumulating findings indicate that glial cells are involved not only in the maintenance of metabolic and ionic homeostasis and in the implementation of trophic functions but also in cognitive functions and information processing in the brain. Currently, there are some controversies regarding the role of astrocytes in complex processes such as aging of the nervous system and the pathogenesis of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Many findings confirm the important functional role of astrocytes in age-related brain changes, including sleep disturbance and the development of neurodegenerative diseases and particularly Alzheimer's disease. Until recent years, neurobiological research has focused mainly on neuron-glial interactions, in which individual astrocytes locally modulate neuronal activity and communication between neurons. The review considers the role of astrocytes in the physiology of sleep and as an important "player" in the development of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the features of the astrocytic network reorganization during aging are discussed.
在过去十年中，人们对星形胶质细胞在中枢神经系统中作用的理解发生了巨大变化。越来越多的研究结果表明，神经胶质细胞不仅参与维持代谢和离子稳态以及执行营养功能，还参与大脑的认知功能和信息处理。目前，关于星形胶质细胞在诸如神经系统衰老和年龄相关性神经退行性疾病发病机制等复杂过程中的作用存在一些争议。许多研究结果证实了星形胶质细胞在与年龄相关的大脑变化中的重要功能作用，包括睡眠障碍以及神经退行性疾病尤其是阿尔茨海默病的发展。直到近年来，神经生物学研究主要集中在神经元 - 神经胶质相互作用上，其中单个星形胶质细胞在局部调节神经元活动和神经元之间的通讯。本文综述了星形胶质细胞在睡眠生理学中的作用以及在神经退行性疾病发展过程中作为重要“参与者”的作用。此外，还讨论了衰老过程中星形胶质细胞网络重组的特征。
