Pichiorri Floriana, Mattia Donatella
Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Neuroelectrical Imaging and Brain Computer Interface Laboratory, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Handb Clin Neurol. 2020;168:101-116. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-63934-9.00009-3.
The brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) for neurologic rehabilitation are based on the assumption that by retraining the brain to specific activities, an ultimate improvement of function can be expected. In this chapter, we review the present status, key determinants, and future directions of the clinical use of BCI in neurorehabilitation. The recent advancements in noninvasive BCIs as a therapeutic tool to promote functional motor recovery by inducing neuroplasticity are described, focusing on stroke as it represents the major cause of long-term motor disability. The relevance of recent findings on BCI use in spinal cord injury beyond the control of neuroprosthetic devices to restore motor function is briefly discussed. In a dedicated section, we examine the potential role of BCI technology in the domain of cognitive function recovery by instantiating BCIs in the long history of neurofeedback and some emerging BCI paradigms to address cognitive rehabilitation are highlighted. Despite the knowledge acquired over the last decade and the growing number of studies providing evidence for clinical efficacy of BCI in motor rehabilitation, an exhaustive deployment of this technology in clinical practice is still on its way. The pipeline to translate BCI to clinical practice in neurorehabilitation is the subject of this chapter.
用于神经康复的脑机接口（BCI）基于这样一种假设，即通过对大脑进行特定活动的再训练，可以期待功能的最终改善。在本章中，我们回顾了BCI在神经康复临床应用的现状、关键决定因素和未来方向。描述了非侵入性BCI作为一种通过诱导神经可塑性促进运动功能恢复的治疗工具的最新进展，重点关注中风，因为它是长期运动残疾的主要原因。简要讨论了BCI在脊髓损伤中应用的最新发现与恢复运动功能的神经假体装置控制之外的相关性。在一个专门的部分中，我们通过在神经反馈的悠久历史中实例化BCI来研究BCI技术在认知功能恢复领域的潜在作用，并突出了一些新兴的用于解决认知康复的BCI范式。尽管在过去十年中已经获得了相关知识，并且越来越多的研究为BCI在运动康复中的临床疗效提供了证据，但在临床实践中全面应用这项技术仍在路上。将BCI转化为神经康复临床实践的流程是本章的主题。
