Faculty of Nursing, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
Int J Older People Nurs. 2020 Sep;15(3):e12313. doi: 10.1111/opn.12313. Epub 2020 Mar 12.
Accelerating population ageing is raising concern in many countries now in relation to the availability of workers for essential work roles and responsibilities. A scoping research literature review was done to identify factors currently associated with early retirement and contemporary strategies to encourage and support longer working lives.
Using the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, we searched the Directory of Open Access Journals and EBSCO Discovery Service for published 2013-2018 research articles using the keyword/MeSH term "early retirement"; 54 English-language articles in peer-review journals were reviewed.
Seven early retirement factors were revealed: Ill health, good health, workplace issues, the work itself, ageism, social norms and having achieved personal financial or pension requirement criteria. Six suggested solutions, none proven effective, were identified: Occupational health programmes, workplace enhancements, work adjustments, addressing ageism, changing social norms and pension changes.
The evidence base on early retirement prevention is not strong, with qualitative investigations needed for in-depth understandings of early retirement influences and mixed-methods studies needed to test early retirement prevention solutions for their effects.
Until more evidence is available, every organisation should perform an early retirement risk assessment and identify current versus needed policies and programmes to encourage and enable more middle-aged and older people to work longer.
人口老龄化的加速引发了许多国家对承担基本工作角色和责任的劳动力供应的担忧。本研究旨在对与提前退休相关的因素以及鼓励和支持延长工作寿命的当代策略进行范围界定的文献综述。
使用 PRISMA-ScR 清单，我们在开放获取期刊目录和 EBSCO 发现服务中搜索了 2013 年至 2018 年发表的使用关键词/MeSH 术语“提前退休”的研究文章，同行评审期刊上有 54 篇英文文章进行了回顾。
揭示了七个提前退休的因素：健康状况不佳、健康状况良好、工作场所问题、工作本身、年龄歧视、社会规范和达到个人财务或养老金要求标准。确定了六个建议的解决方案，但都没有被证明是有效的：职业健康计划、工作场所改进、工作调整、解决年龄歧视、改变社会规范和养老金改革。
提前退休预防的证据基础并不强大，需要进行定性研究以深入了解提前退休的影响，以及需要进行混合方法研究来测试提前退休预防解决方案的效果。
在更多证据出现之前，每个组织都应该进行提前退休风险评估，并确定当前和需要的政策和计划，以鼓励和使更多的中年和老年人延长工作时间。
