King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, 125 Coldharbour Lane, London SE5 9NU, UK.
Vascular Biology & Inflammation Section, School of Cardiovascular Medicine & Sciences, British Heart Foundation of Research Excellence, King's College London, SE1 9NH, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2020 Mar 11;21(6):1918. doi: 10.3390/ijms21061918.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have physiological roles as second messengers, but can also exert detrimental modifications on DNA, proteins and lipids if resulting from enhanced generation or reduced antioxidant defense (oxidative stress). Venous thrombus (DVT) formation and resolution are influenced by ROS through modulation of the coagulation, fibrinolysis, proteolysis and the complement system, as well as the regulation of effector cells such as platelets, endothelial cells, erythrocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, monocytes and fibroblasts. Many conditions that carry an elevated risk of venous thrombosis, such as the Antiphospholipid Syndrome, have alterations in their redox homeostasis. Dietary and pharmacological antioxidants can modulate several important processes involved in DVT formation, but their overall effect is unknown and there are no recommendations regarding their use. The development of novel antioxidant treatments that aim to abrogate the formation of DVT or promote its resolution will depend on the identification of targets that enable ROS modulation confined to their site of interest in order to prevent off-target effects on physiological redox mechanisms. Subgroups of patients with increased systemic oxidative stress might benefit from unspecific antioxidant treatment, but more clinical studies are needed to bring clarity to this issue.
活性氧（ROS）作为第二信使具有生理作用，但如果产生于增强的生成或减少的抗氧化防御（氧化应激），则可以对 DNA、蛋白质和脂质产生有害的修饰。静脉血栓形成（DVT）的形成和溶解受到 ROS 的影响，通过调节凝血、纤溶、蛋白水解和补体系统，以及调节血小板、内皮细胞、红细胞、中性粒细胞、肥大细胞、单核细胞和成纤维细胞等效应细胞。许多伴有静脉血栓形成风险升高的情况，如抗磷脂综合征，其氧化还原平衡发生改变。饮食和药理学抗氧化剂可以调节 DVT 形成中涉及的几个重要过程，但它们的整体效果尚不清楚，也没有关于其使用的建议。开发旨在消除 DVT 形成或促进其溶解的新型抗氧化治疗方法将取决于确定能够将 ROS 调节限制在其感兴趣的部位的靶点，以防止对生理氧化还原机制的脱靶影响。具有增加的全身氧化应激的患者亚组可能受益于非特异性抗氧化治疗，但需要更多的临床研究来阐明这个问题。
